Cyst and radionucleotide evidence for the recent introduction of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum into Tasmanian waters

McMinn, Andrew; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M.; Thomson, Paul; Jenkinson, Andrew; Heijnis, Henk

doi:10.3354/meps161165

Cited by 90 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These reconstructed salinity values were then back-transformed to give diatom-inferred palaeosalinity (in ppt) using CALIBRATE version 0.54 (Juggins and ter Braak, 1994). 210 Pb dating (using the Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) model) of selected bulk sediments from the core was carried out by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Environment Division following the methods detailed in McMinn et al (1997). The CIC model assumes that the supply of 210 Pb to the system varies directly in proportion to the sedimentation rate, which means the sediment profile exhibits an exponential decrease in unsupported 210 Pb (Gelen et al, 2003;Sonke et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent human‐induced salinity changes in Ramsar‐listed Orielton Lagoon, south‐east Tasmania, Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management

Saunders

McMinn

Roberts

et al. 2006

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Many coastal lagoons in eastern Australia have changed as a result of recent human activities. However, it is often difficult to determine the extent of change and the ecological implications. A palaeoecological approach allows a quantitative assessment of how an aquatic ecosystem changes and responds to human impacts beyond what is possible with historical data or monitoring programmes.2. Orielton Lagoon (south-east Tasmania, Australia) is a Ramsar-listed coastal wetland of international importance for conservation. This study was undertaken at the site to determine whether recent anthropogenic hydrological modifications to the lagoon had influenced its ecology, particularly salinity, and compromised its Ramsar status.3. A diatom-salinity transfer function was constructed from a training data set of 96 diatom taxa from 34 sampling sites in 19 lagoons along the east coast of Tasmania.4. The salinity of Orielton Lagoon has changed in response to a causeway constructed across its mouth, which has transformed the lagoon from an open marine environment to an enclosed, virtually stagnant, brackish water body.5. These changes have compromised the protected coastal wetland status of Orielton Lagoon. Environmental remediation attempts have since partially restored the natural hydrology of the lagoon and it is now returning towards the state it was in prior to causeway construction. 6. A palaeoecological approach using diatoms was found to be successful in reconstructing recent salinity changes and investigating human impacts on Orielton Lagoon over the last 50-55 years.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent human‐induced salinity changes in Ramsar‐listed Orielton Lagoon, south‐east Tasmania, Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management

Saunders

McMinn

Roberts

et al. 2006

Aquatic Conservation

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“…While unambiguous evidence for the presence of viable toxic dinoflagellate cysts in ships' ballast water (up to 300 million cysts per ballast tank; both Alexandnum and Gymnodium catenatum; Hallegraeff & Bolch 1992) as well as associated with shellfish stocks (Scarratt et al 1993, Rhodes et al 1994, Honjo et al 1998) is now available, to prove that a particular dinoflagellate population is nonindigenous IS extremely difficult. For G. catenatum in Tasmania such evidence has focused on an Australian-wide sediment survey for its distinct fossilisable resting cyst (Bolch & Hallegraeff 1990, McMinn et al 1998. Fossil cyst records of this species are absent from the whole Australian region, recent cyst beds are confined to southeast Tasmania, and 'lOPbdated sediment cores from the Hobart region unambiguously demonstrate its sudden appearance around 1972 coinciding with the commencement of bulk woodchip export from southern Tasmania via Japanese cargo vessels (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of toxic dinoflagellates via ships' ballast water:bioeconomic risk assessment and efficacy of possible ballast water management strategies

Hallegraeff¹

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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266

141

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The results of 10 yr of Australian research efforts on transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water are reviewed, supplemented with the conclusions of similar studies now underway in Europe, Israel, North America, Canada, Japan, China and New Zealand Toxic dinoflagellates are probably the best studied model organism to assess the bioeconomic risks of ballast water introduction of nonindigenous marine pests. A plausible scenario for their successful introduction and establishment in Australian waters is: (1) ballast water ~n t a k e during seasonal plankton blooms and to a lesser extent via resuspended cysts in sedimcmts from Japanese or Korean ports; (2) survival as resistant resting cysts durlng the ballasting proccss, the voyage in a dark ballast tank, and subsequent ballast water discharge (inoculation); (3) successful germination of cysts, sustained growth and reproduction of plankton cells in an Australian port; and (4) further spreading via coastal currents or domestic shipping, culminating under suitable environmental conditions in harmful algal blooms impacting on aquacultural operations (causative organisms of paralytic shellfish poisoning). Until international agreement and acceptance of a fully effective, practicable, safe, economically viable and environmentally friendly ballast water treatment is achieved (mid-ocean ballast water exchange and heat treatment are the only options offering promise at present), an international warning network for algal blooms in ports appears to be an effective way to minimise risks. It is also recommended that aquaculture operations and marine parks should be sited well clear of the ballast water influence of shipping ports.

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“…A major recent concern is the presence in surface sediments studied in 2003 of cysts of the introduced toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Aquenal, 2003). This species, which was introduced into Australia about 1980, was not found in samples collected in Bathurst Harbour in 1987 (Bolch and Hallegraeff, 1990), although recorded at that time on the eastern Tasmanian coast (McMinn et al, 1997). Toxins produced by blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum are concentrated within the tissues of filter feeding bivalves such as mussels, potentially causing paralytic shellfish poisoning and death in predatory species including humans (Hallegraeff et al, 1988(Hallegraeff et al, , 1989Hallegraeff, 1992).…”

Section: Planktonic Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of natural wilderness values in the Port Davey marine and estuarine protected area, south‐western Tasmania

Edgar

Barrett

Gowlett-Holmes

et al. 2009

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Port Davey and associated Bathurst Harbour in south-western Tasmania represent one of the world's most anomalous estuarine systems owing to an unusual combination of environmental factors. These include: (i) large uninhabited catchment protected as a National Park; (ii) ria geomorphology but with fjord characteristics that include a shallow entrance and deep 12-km long channel connecting an almost land-locked harbour to the sea; (iii) high rainfall and riverine input that generate strongly-stratified estuarine conditions, with a low-salinity surface layer and marine bottom water; (iv) a deeply tannin-stained surface layer that blocks light penetration to depth; (v) very low levels of nutrients and low aquatic productivity; (vi) weak tidal influences; (vii) marine bottom water with stable temperature throughout the year; (viii) numerous endemic species; (ix) strongly depth-stratified benthic assemblages exhibiting high compositional variability over small spatial scales; (x) deepsea species present at anomalously shallow depths; (xi) no conspicuous introduced taxa; (xii) a predominance of fragile sessile invertebrates, including slow-growing fenestrate bryozoans; and (xiii) sponge spicule-and bryozoan-based sediments that are more characteristic of deep sea and polar environments than those inshore.2. Although this region has historically been protected by its isolation, seven major anthropogenic stressors now threaten its natural integrity: boating, fishing, dive tourism, nutrient enrichment, introduced species, onshore development, and global climate change. These threats are not randomly distributed but disproportionately affect particular habitat types.3. For management of environmental risk, the Port Davey-Bathurst Harbour region is subdivided into six biophysical zones, each with different ecological characteristics, values, and types and levels of potential threat. In response to the various threats, the Tasmanian Government has enacted an adaptive management regime that includes a multi-zoned marine protected area and the largest 'no-take' estuarine protected area in Australia.

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Cyst and radionucleotide evidence for the recent introduction of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum into Tasmanian waters

Abstract: Cysts of the dinoflagellate G}mnodin~l!ni catenaluni were present only in the top sections ot duplicate marine sediment corcs from Deep Bay In southern T a s m a n~a ,

Cited by 90 publications

References 17 publications

Recent human‐induced salinity changes in Ramsar‐listed Orielton Lagoon, south‐east Tasmania, Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management

Recent human‐induced salinity changes in Ramsar‐listed Orielton Lagoon, south‐east Tasmania, Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management

Transport of toxic dinoflagellates via ships' ballast water:bioeconomic risk assessment and efficacy of possible ballast water management strategies

Conservation of natural wilderness values in the Port Davey marine and estuarine protected area, south‐western Tasmania

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