Cysteinyl leukotriene levels correlate with 8-isoprostane levels in exhaled breath condensates of atopic and healthy children

Abstract

Background: Cysteinyl leukotrienes are important mediators of airway inflammation, whereas 8-isoprostane is a biomarker of oxidative stress. This study evaluated the distributions of cysteinyl leukotriene and 8-isoprostane concentrations in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) of children. The relationship between cysteinyl leukotriene and 8-isoprostane concentrations in the EBCs was also evaluated. Methods: The EBCs were collected from 34 children with allergic respiratory diseases and 24 healthy children. All recruited children underwent pulmonary function testing every season. The severity of allergic respiratory diseases and medication status were assessed every month in children with allergic respiratory diseases. results: The EBC cysteinyl leukotriene and 8-isoprostane levels were higher in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis than in those with asthma only and healthy children. In asthmatic children, cysteinyl leukotriene and 8-isoprostane levels peaked in the summer. All children showed a clear association between EBC cysteinyl leukotriene and EBC 8-isoprostane levels. conclusion: The cysteinyl leukotriene and 8-isoprostane concentrations in the EBCs of children significantly varied by season. Oxidative stress correlated with airway inflammation in children. t he prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases is gradually increasing. In Taiwan children aged 6-8 years, the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis is 10.4-12.2 and 24.6-31.4%, respectively (1,2). In school children, asthma symptoms usually appear in the summer and winter seasons whereas those of allergic rhinitis mainly appear in the winter (1,2). Besides seasonal change, risk factors for allergic respiratory diseases include allergens and air pollutants (3).As asthma and allergic rhinitis often coexist in the same patient, both conditions might result from the same disease as suggested by the concept of "one airway, one disease" (4). The pathogenesis of asthma and allergic rhinitis in humans mainly involves airway inflammation (3). In vivo, studies show that increased oxidative stress on the respiratory system causes airway obstruction, excess mucus secretion, and airway inflammation (5,6). Hence, airway oxidative stress is a potential indicator of the severity and prognosis of airway inflammation (6). An important biomarker of oxidative stress is 8-isoprostane, which is a prostaglandin-like compound produced in vivo by the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. This compound has been detected in human urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples (7,8). Concentrations of EBC 8-isoprostane increase with age in healthy adults (9) and are elevated in asthmatic adults (10,11). Concentrations of 8-isoprostane in EBCs are also higher in severe asthmatics as compared with mild and moderate asthmatics and healthy adults (6,12). The EBC 8-isoprostane levels are significantly higher in children with asthma than in healthy children (13-16). Another well-documented factor with potential clinical relevance is the seasonality of...

Elevation in and persistence of multiple urinary biomarkers indicative of oxidative DNA stress and inflammation: Toxicological implications of maleic acid consumption using a rat model

“…Among them, many studies indicated 8-isoPGF 2α as reliable indicator of lipid peroxidation because of its stability. Additionally, elevated levels of 8-isoPGF 2α have been noted in association with exposure to toxic compounds and may thus indicate disease progression in the lungs and kidneys [ 27 – 33 ]. Moreover, HNE-MA, a biomarker detected in rats after an acute oxidative stress insult, can indicate levels of lipid peroxidation and be used to evaluate cytotoxicity in biological systems [ 34 ].…”

Nitric Oxide and Biological Mediators in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma

“…Through a targeted approach, many single mediators related to inflammation and oxidative stress have been searched in EBC. Among them, the most relevant are:pH, which tended to be lower in children with severe or acute asthma but not in mild and stable disease [101,102,103];Leukotrienes (LT): LTB4, a potent inflammatory mediator and a chemoattractant for neutrophils, was increased in the EBC of asthmatic children, being twice as high in steroid-naïve patients with asthma as in healthy subjects [104,105]; Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4), powerful constrictors and proinflammatory mediators, were increased in particular in unstable or severe asthma [106,107,108];8-isoprostane, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and other markers of oxidative stress, which were increased in asthma [107,109]; in particular, H 2 O 2 correlated with disease severity, disease control, and response to steroid treatment [110,111];3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and other nitric oxide metabolites that were more concentrated in the EBC of asthmatic children than in healthy controls [102,112,113]. …”

Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases

“…Cys‐LT EBC levels are correlated with the severity of asthma (Kazani et al , ). Cys‐LT levels in exhaled breath condensate were found to be elevated in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis (Wan et al , ). Levels of 8‐iso‐PGE 2 in exhaled breath condensate were found to be elevated in aspirin‐hypersensitive asthmatics (Mastalerz et al , ).…”