Cytochrome P450 metabolism mediates low‐temperature resistance in pinewood nematode

Abstract

Pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a devastating invasive species that is expanding into colder regions. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying low‐temperature resistance of PWN. We identified differentially expressed genes enriched under low temperature in previously published transcriptome data using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to further validate the transcript level changes of three known cytochrome P450 genes under low temperature. RNA interference was used to validate the low‐temperature resistance function of three cytochrome P450 genes from PWN. We report that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in two cytochrome P450‐related pathways under low‐temperature treatment. Heatmap visualization of transcript levels of cytochrome P450‐related genes revealed widely different transcript patterns between PWNs treated under low and regular temperatures. Transcript levels of three cytochrome P450 genes from PWNs were elevated at low temperature, and knockdown of these genes decreased the survival rates of PWNs under low temperature. In summary, these findings suggest that cytochrome P450 metabolism plays a critical role in the low‐temperature resistance mechanism of PWN.

Population differentiation and epidemic tracking of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in China based on chromosome‐level assembly and whole‐genome sequencing data

“…On the other hand, population splitting analysis reveals that the genetic variations among different strains are possibly induced by temperature and precipitation while those two environmental factors normally interact with each other. Meanwhile, relevant studies usually indicate that temperature is important for the adaptation and survival of B. xylophilus 65–68 . This identification may suggest that the nematodes could evolve to adapt to different environments to expand their populations.…”

“…Meanwhile, relevant studies usually indicate that temperature is important for the adaptation and survival of B. xylophilus . 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 This identification may suggest that the nematodes could evolve to adapt to different environments to expand their populations. The hypothesis is further confirmed by nonsynonymous SNPs (geographically associated) found on signaling‐related genes like GPCR families.…”

The Role of Cytochrome P450 4C1 and Carbonic Anhydrase 3 in Response to Temperature Stress in Bemisia tabaci

“…In the 1990s, with the strengthening of full-scale trade, B. tabaci MEAM cryptic species successfully invaded China with the help of flowers and other cash crops and is now widely distributed across most provinces [10]. Many studies have indicated that the temperature adaptation processes of B. tabaci are regulated at the molecular level [12][13][14][15][16]. In a temperature adaptability study of B. tabaci, it was found that the whitefly can quickly adapt to a new environment when entering a new habitat, and its temperature tolerance has produced corresponding transient genetic changes [17,18].…”

Interactions between the gut micro-community and transcriptome of Culex pipiens pallens under low-temperature stress

“…Studies have shown that some insects respond to lowtemperature environments by promoting the expression of genes encoding cold resistance substances such as trehalose, HSPs, antioxidant enzymes and enzymes related to the synthesis and degradation of cryoprotectants [46][47][48]. HSPs are molecular chaperones produced by organisms in response to an environmental pressure that help correct the folding of amino acid chains and participate in the transmembrane transport of proteins [49].…”