Cytogenetic biological dosimetry assays: recent developments and updates

Abstract

In each phase, a human being's lifespan is considered to be exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) because of its various applications. They are characterized as ionizing based on the distinct photon's energy; those are X-rays, γ-rays, α-particles, β-particles, and neutron. IR has numerous prospective applications such as medical diagnosis, cancer treatment, power generation, etc. It is inevitable that a definite amount of radiation exposure to humans while implementing IR for those beneficial applications. Nevertheless, because of the support of IR and reported side effects, the use of radiation application is decisively controlled, measured and monitored by the regulatory bodies. Those are the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) for assessing radiation risks, provide recom-Biological dosimetry is the measurement of radiation-induced changes in the human to measure short and long-term health risks. Biodosimetry offers an independent means of obtaining dose information and also provides diagnostic information on the potential for "partial-body" exposure information using biological indicators and otherwise based on computer modeling, dose reconstruction, and physical dosimetry. A variety of biodosimetry tools are available and some features make some more valuable than others. Among the available biodosimetry tool, cytogenetic biodosimetry methods occupy an exclusive and advantageous position. The cytogenetic analysis can complement physical dosimetry by confirming or ruling out an accidental radiological exposure or overexposures. We are discussing the recent developments and adaptability of currently available cytogenetic biological dosimetry assays.

Dicentric chromosome assay using a deep learning-based automated system

“…Therefore, to prepare for the risk of radiation exposure accidents, a method to estimate doses below 0.1 Gy is required in the radiation work environment. The dicentric chromosome assay identifies a low threshold dose of 0.1 Gy 43 and requires scoring more than 5000 cells for statistically significant results 17 , which is difficult to achieve using conventional scoring methods. Therefore, an automatic scoring system can compute legal norms in the event of radiation workplace accidents.…”

Revision of cytogenetic dosimetry in the IAEA manual 2011 based on data about radio‐sensitivity and dose‐rate findings contributing

“…To provide psychological counseling to people who are not radiation exposure, medical observation should be carried out for those below 0.1 Gy. For larger doses, medical treatment is carried out according to the principles of treatment at each dose level, it can guide the scientific and reasonable clinical medical treatment 8,22 …”

“…8,22 Another strategy to improve biodosimetric throughput is the development of a network of biodosimetric laboratories. A number of networks have been established to improve dose estimation throughput, such as the National Biological Dose Response Program (NBDRP) in Canada, the Biological dosimetry Network in Latin America and the Chromosome network in Japan.…”

Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage

“…A flooded member exhibits a total gamma-ray reception of much lower value than through air due to energy attenuation [ 5 ]. The main downfall is the overexposure of operators to radiation, which could cause short- and long-term health risks [ 6 , 7 ].…”