Cytogenetic characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana natural tetraploid ecotype Warschau stability during in vitro regeneration

Abstract

The morphological and cytogenetic features of the natural autotetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Warschau (Wa-1) were investigated. Most of the Warschau plant organs that were analyzed showed higher size values in comparison with diploid Columbia plants. The tetraploid chromosome number was confirmed by analysis of mitotic metaphase cells and rDNA loci were localized. 35S rDNA loci were present on chromosomes 2 and 4, while 5S rDNA, which is polymorphic among A. thaliana ecotypes, were present on chromosomes 4 and 5. Well-characterized autotetraploid plant material was used for in vitro culture to investigate somaclonal variation. Efficient regeneration through organogenesis was achieved. Most of the plants obtained in vitro exhibited an unchanged ploidy level. Detailed cytogenetic analysis that included chromosome, chromocenters and rDNA signals numbers, revealed the stability of regenerants. Based on these data we recommend the ecotype Warschau as a well-characterized plant material for future investigations on the consequences of polyploidy for the genome.

Diploid vs. tetraploid Centaurium erythraea Rafn: A comparative study of regenerative in vitro potential and biosynthetic capacity

“…For example, the highest shoot regeneration percentage and shoot number per explant were obtained from petiole explants of the tetraploid line of sugar beet compared to diploid lines (Yildiz, 2013). In comparison with diploid Columbia plants, regeneration capacity of a natural tetraploid ecotype of A. thaliana (Warschau) was found higher under in vitro conditions (Orzechowska et al, 2016).…”

“…Furthermore, in comparison with diploids, polyploids generally produce larger cells which can result in an increased size of plant structures such as leaves, flowers and fruit, increased biomass and often show greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stress (Lavania et al, 2012;Yildiz, 2013). The production of the synthetic polyploids is convenient because they can be compared to the diploid counterparts; however, tetraploid genotypes with natural origin can display a unique genome composition, since they have existed in natural environment for maybe hundreds of generations shaping their genetic background (Orzechowska et al, 2016). C. erythraea is commonly found in tetraploid forms in nature (Banjanac et al, 2017;Šiler, 2012).…”

Genetic Mapping of Genotype-by-Ploidy Effects in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…Nonetheless, the impact of ploidy is illustrated by strong effects on quantitative traits such as salt and drought tolerance, and relative growth rate [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Most attempts to reveal ploidy effects in Arabidopsis have used naturally occurring autotetraploid accessions such as Warschau-1 (Wa-1) [ 4 , 5 ] or artificially induced tetraploids [ 6 ], which were compared to their diploid and triploid counterparts [ 3 , 4 ]. However, to identify genetic factors that are causal for the observed differences in response to altered ploidy levels, segregating populations are required.…”

Genetic Stability in Melon Transformation System: Assessment by Flow Cytometry and ISSR Markers

“…The culture conditions may affect genetic instability (Orzechowska et al 2016). Wei et al (2006) discovered three factors that can assist in increasing organogenesis: the kind of explant, combination and concentration of PGRs, and culture situation.…”