Cytogenetic characterization of three Hypericum species by in situ hybridization

Brutovská, R.; Čellárová, Eva; Schubert, Ingo

doi:10.1007/s001220051447

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…ascyron (Robson 2002), a concept not confirmed by our results. H. perforatum and H. maculatum are clustered together (bts = 77%) indicating their close relationship which was proved recently by cytogenetic analysis of H. perforatum, H. maculatum and H. attenuatum (Brutovská et al 2000). The results of this study indicate a difference of H. attenuatum in one gene locus in comparison with the other two species which argue against a theory about a hybrid origin of H. perforatum from H. attenuatum (Robson 1981;Campbell & Delfosse 1984) and suggest that this species could have evolved from H. maculatum directly or from their common ancestor.…”

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confidence: 52%

RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Hypericum

et al. 2010

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The chloroplast DNA of 43 species including 16 sections from the genus Hypericum was studied by PCR-RFLP analysis. The PCR-amplified products of four cpDNA regions, trnC-trnD, psbC-trnS, trnL-trnF and rbcL were digested with four restriction endonucleases. A high level of interspecific variation was detected while intraspecific diversity was not observed. The resulting parsimony analysis indicated the monophyletic assemblage of the sections Androsaemum, Olympia, Drosocarpium and Trigynobrathys. Monophyly of Hypericum is weakly supported, but close relationships of H. perforatum and H. maculatum are indicated. The members of Ascyreia are weakly resolved, but clustering of H. kouytchense and H. oblongifolium is well supported, however, H. reptans is nested with Olympia. CpDNA profiles and the positions on the parsimony tree indicate that the chloroplast donor among the putative parents of the hybrid species H. ×inodorum is H. androsaemum.

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confidence: 52%

RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Hypericum

et al. 2010

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“…Based upon the hypothesis of an allopolyploid origin for tetraploid H. perforatum (Campbell and Delfosse, 1984), a diagram of the genetic makeup of a hexaploid derived from tetraploid parents is presented in Figure 2. Alternatively, an autopolyploid origin of tetraploid H. perforatum recently was proposed by Barcaccia et al (2007) based upon a cytogenetic study of fluorescence-labeled karyotypes (Brutovská et al, 2000) and on observations that some diploid H. perforatum plants could produce viable seeds (Barcaccia et al, 2007). Because tetraploid H. perforatum plants often produce regular, reduced male gametes, a degree of diploidization and chromosomal differentiation must have been achieved during the course of its evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of breeding systems, ploidy, and the role of hexaploids in three Hypericum perforatum L. populations

Widrlechner

Rigby

2010

Industrial Crops and Products

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Hexaploid seeds are produced by predominantly tetraploid populations of Hypericum perforatum, but the fate of hexaploid seedlings and their reproductive behavior have not been closely examined. We used flow cytometry to analyze single seeds and individual plant samples of three accessions of H. perforatum to determine ploidy levels and reproductive pathways. Seed samples of all three accessions were facultative apomicts, with tetraploid cytotype predominant (85-91%) and a lower frequency of hexaploids (9-14%), with diploids (5%) detected in only one population. Seedling populations consisted of tetraploids (87-97%) and hexaploids (3-13%). Hexaploid embryos are most likely generated by a 2n gamete of the tetraploid and fertilized by a normal, reduced tetraploid male gamete. These hexaploids are expected to produce unbalanced gametes because they possess chromosome complements that include two triploid sets originally derived from two different species. The observation that some tetraploid seeds had endosperm with high cellular DNA content indicates that some unbalanced male gametes produced by hexaploids were evidently viable and could effect fertilization. Whether this mechanism is also true for egg cells or whether the hexaploids are capable of producing unreduced embryo sacs is uncertain. Because of severe reproductive difficulties, hexaploid seedlings may play a very minor role in gene flow and the further evolution of H. perforatum. The likelihood that hexaploids will evolve to types with an increased frequency of bivalent paring in meiosis is relatively low. However, hexaploids may include novel chemotypes, which could be vegetatively propagated if valuable, medicinal types can be identified among them. We used flow cytometry to analyze single seeds and individual plant samples of three accessions of H. perforatum to determine ploidy levels and reproductive pathways. Seed samples of all three accessions were facultative apomicts, with tetraploid cytotype predominant (85-91%) and a lower frequency of hexaploids (9-14%), with diploids (5%) detected in only one population. Seedling populations consisted of tetraploids (87-97%) and hexaploids (3-13%). Hexaploid embryos are most likely generated by a 2n gamete of the tetraploid and fertilized by a normal, reduced tetraploid male gamete. These hexaploids are expected to produce unbalanced gametes because they possess chromosome complements that include two triploid sets originally derived from two different species. The observation that some tetraploid seeds had endosperm with high cellular DNA content indicates that some unbalanced male gametes produced by hexaploids were evidently viable and could effect fertilization. Whether this mechanism is also true for egg cells or whether the hexaploids are capable of producing unreduced embryo sacs is uncertain. Because of severe reproductive difficulties, hexaploid seedlings may play a very minor role in gene flow and the further evolution of H. perforatum. The likelihood that hexaploids will evolve to types wi...

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“…According to Brutovská et al (2000), H. perforatum is probably originated from autopolyploidization of an ancestor closely related to diploid H. maculatum. However, it was recently implied that the plant has a single evolutionary origin and arose from independent and recurrent polyploidization of two different ancestral gene pools along with occurrence of substantial gene flow within and between H. perforatum and H. maculatum (Koch et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationships of Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. wild populations as evaluated by ISSR markers

et al. 2014

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St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), as the most important medicinal species of the genus Hypericum, is medicinally used for many purposes such as treatment of mild and moderate depression. Considering importance of knowledge on genetic structure of wild relatives of crop plants, the present study was aimed to assess genetic variability among ten wild populations of H. perforatum growing in different climatic regions of Iran via ISSR markers. In general 15 selected primers generated 191 polymorphic fragments with an average of 12 in each primer. According to the UPGMA constructed dendrogram and PCoA, studied populations were classified into four main groups which was, to the some extent, in accordance with their geographical origins. Genetic distances of these populations ranged from 0.109 (Nor and Nowshahr) to 0.345 (Ardebil and Galogah). Also, Nei gene diversity (H e ) values were calculated to be from 0.066 to 0.216 and Shannon's information indices (I) varied from 0.321 to 0.097. Nei's genetic differentiation index (G st ) was high (0.573) indicating the high levels of genetic variation among the studied populations. Finally, the gene flow (N m ) value was found to be 0.372. Obtained information is useful for use of Iranian H. perforatum germplasm for breeding programs and for development of effective conservation strategies.

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Cytogenetic characterization of three Hypericum species by in situ hybridization

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Hypericum

RFLP analysis of cpDNA in the genus Hypericum

Analysis of breeding systems, ploidy, and the role of hexaploids in three Hypericum perforatum L. populations

Genetic relationships of Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. wild populations as evaluated by ISSR markers

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