Cytogenetic damage induced by mouthrinses formulations in vivo and in vitro

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate DNA damage and cellular death in cells exposed to various commercially available mouthrinses: Listerine Cepacol, Plax alcohol free, Periogard, and Plax Whitening. A total of 75 volunteers were included in the search distributed into five groups containing 15 people each for in vivo study. Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were collected immediately before mouthrinse exposure and after 2 weeks. Furthermore, blood samples were obtained from three healthy donors for in vitro study. The micronucleus test was used to evaluate mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in vivo. The single-cell gel (comet) assay was used to determine DNA damage in vitro. After 2 weeks exposure, Periogard showed 1.8% of micronucleated cells with significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) compared to before exposure (0.27%). Plax Whitening presented high tail moment value (4.5) when compared to negative control (0.6). The addition of all mouthrinses to cells incubated with methyl methanesulfonate did not alter the number of strand breaks in the genetic material. Listerine was able to reduce genetic damage induced by hydrogen peroxide because a decrease of tail moment was noticed. The results of the present study suggest that Periogard and Plax Whitening can induce genetic damage, whereas Listerine is an antioxidant agent. Since DNA damage is considered to be prime mechanism during chemical carcinogenesis, these data may be relevant in risk assessment for protecting human health and preventing carcinogenesis.

Genotoxic potential of 10% and 16% Carbamide Peroxide in dental bleaching

“…MN assays on oral mucosa cells have shown that these biomarkers tend to increase when individuals are exposed temporarily to different substances, such as dental composite materials 21 and mouthwash. 26 The conditions caused by this temporary exposure corroborate our findings, insofar as the greatest increase in the number of MN cells occurred up to 15 days after exposure to CP, regardless of the concentration. Thus, our results suggest that the reduction in the MN production rate from day 15 to 45 indicates that the primary lesions in DNA induced by CP were repaired.…”

Could formaldehyde induce mutagenic and cytotoxic effects in buccal epithelial cells during anatomy classes?

“…Another important question is that the occurrence of MNC is small and its distribution is not homogeneous in the sample. These facts explain the large standard deviation commonly found in similar researches and highlights the need for counting a large number of cells in this kind of research to minimize errors (10,12,13,18,24). …”

“…MN evaluations are made in buccal epithelial exfoliated cells (BEC) as well, and this test is considered to be the least invasive method available to measure DNA damage in humans (9). Due to its ability to assess the activity of many chemical or physical carcinogenic and mutagenic agents in situ, the MN test in the BEC is the choice of many recent human biomonitoring studies: alcohol (10), tobacco (11), mouthrinses (12) and radiographs (13). …”

Ethanol influence on gingival fibroblasts – a real-time in vitro study

“…Alcohol-based mouthwashes remain in longer contact with the oral cavity than alcoholic beverages when an alcoholic beverage is ingested. It has been suggested that the use of alcohol-based mouthwashes may exhibit genotoxic effects [5], increase the risk for oral cancer [4], decrease host defence and is one of the stressors [6]. Additionally, the adverse effect of ethyl alcohol on oral tissue and structures have been observed.…”