Cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L. cells affected by radionu-clide contamination of water reservoirs in the alienation zone of Chornobyl NPP

Abstract

Aim.To study frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations in the cells of Triticum aestivum L. root meristem under a prolonged effect of radionuclides from water reservoirs in the proximal alienation zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant NPP. Methods. The seeds of two soft winter wheat varieties were treated with samples from water reservoirs in the alienation zone of the Chernobyl NPP. Ana-telophase analysis of chromosome aberrations in crushed cytological preparations of apical meristem of primary rootlets was carried out. Results. Radionuclides from water reservoirs in the proximal alienation zone of the Chornobyl NPP cause an increase in the occurrence of aberrant cells and mitoses by 1.6-4.2 times. The highest level of cytogenetic activity is typical for the radionuclides from the reservoir-cooler of the Chernobyl NPP, Semyhodskyi backwater, drainage N 3 of the NPP and Lake Hlyboke. The obseved aberrations are mostly represented by single and paired acentric fragments, bridges and lagging chromosomes. Conclusion. A prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation by radionuclides from the water reservoirs of the proximal alienation zone of the Chernobyl NPP produces leads to high cytogenetic activity. No correlation between the chromosome aberration level and the scope of specific radionuclides from water reservoirs was found; this may prove the induction of cytogenetic disorders under the radiation effect in the low-rate range. The increased level of aneuploid cells and those with multiple chromosome aberrations confirms genetic сonsequences for the organisms in water reservoirs even with a low specific activity of radionuclides. K e y w o r d s:Aberrations, cytogenetic disorders, radionuclide, low-rate radiation.

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“…За контроль взято проби води і донних відкладів з умовно чистого оз. Голосіївське (м. Київ), сумарна питома активність 137 Cs і 90 Sr в якому становила 0,021 кБк/м 3 [45]. Виявлено зростання частоти хромосомних аберацій і порушень мітозу в 1,6-4,2 раза.…”

Peculiarities of the mechanisms of spontaneous, and induced by ionizing radiation and chemical factors mutagenesis

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