Cytogenetic Effects as Quantitative Indicators of Radiation Exposure

Bauchinger, M.

doi:10.1002/9780470515006.ch14

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Studies on atomic bomb survivors showed elevated chromosome aberration rates in the exposed individuals that had persisted for at least two decades after the acute external exposures to thousands of individuals in 1945 [ 4 – 7 ]. The persistent cytogenetic effects were also reported in Chernobyl accident victims in 1986 [ 8 ] as well as in the nuclear industry workers in the USA with accidental exposures to plutonium [ 9 – 11 ]. Although persistence of chromosomal aberrations has been reported in persons exposed to high-dose radiation, studies on long-term monitoring of cytogenetic damage following exposure to low doses of medical/diagnostic radiation exposure are very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Persistent in vivo cytogenetic effects of radioiodine therapy: a 21-year follow-up study using multicolor FISH

Livingston

Escalona

Foster

et al. 2017

Journal of Radiation Research

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Our previous studies demonstrated the cytogenetic effects in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a 34-year-old male patient who received ablative radioactive 131iodine therapy (RIT) on two different occasions in 1992 and 1994. Assessment of RIT-induced chromosomal damage by the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) showed the persistence of elevated micronucleus frequency in this patient for more than two decades since the first RIT. Subsequent cytogenetic analysis performed in 2012 revealed both stable and unstable aberrations, whose frequencies were higher than the baseline reported in the literature. Here, we report the findings of our recent cytogenetic analysis peformed in 2015 on this patient using the multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique. Our results showed that both reciprocal and non-reciprocal translocations persisted at higher frequencies in the patient than those reported in 2012. Persistence of structural aberrations for more than two decades indicate that these aberrations might have originated from long-lived T-lymphocytes or hematopoietic stem cells. Our study suggests that the long-term persistence of chromosome translocations in circulating lymphocytes can be useful for monitoring the extent of RIT-induced chromosomal instability several years after exposure and for estimating the cumulative absorbed dose after multiple RITs for retrospective biodosimetry purposes. This is perhaps the first and longest follow-up study documenting the persistence of cytogenetic damage for 21 years after internal radiation exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Persistent in vivo cytogenetic effects of radioiodine therapy: a 21-year follow-up study using multicolor FISH

Livingston

Escalona

Foster

et al. 2017

Journal of Radiation Research

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“…The analysis of stable aberrations has generally been performed by chromosome banding, which is a labor-intensive method. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosomespecific composite DNA probes, known as chromosome painting, can be used to detect stable aberrations quickly and accurately [Cremer et al, 1988;Lucas et al, 1989Lucas et al, , 1992Natarajan et al, 1992;Lucas and Sachs, 1993;Tucker et al, 1995;Bauchinger, 1997;Robinson, 1998;Bauchinger et al, 2001;Lindholm, 2001]. In fact, exchanges between painted and unpainted (counterstained) chromosomes appear as bicolored chromosomes, making visualization of aberrations, such as translocations, easier and faster than by conventional staining techniques, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chromosome painting for detecting stable chromosome aberrations induced by melphalan in mice

Sgura

Stronati

Gullotta

et al. 2005

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

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Chromosomal aberrations are a measure of genomic instability, which is known to play a key role in the initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis. Stable reciprocal translocations are of particular importance since they are often involved in neoplastic transformation and tumor cell clonal evolution. In this study, chromosome painting analysis was used to test for stable aberrations induced in the bone marrow of C57BL/6J and FVB mice exposed for 4 weeks to 2 or 4 mg/kg of melphalan (MLP), a chemotherapeutic agent with carcinogenic potential. To compare the chemical-induced damage in different tissues, chromosome aberrations were also analyzed by chromosome painting in the spleen of C57BL/6J mice. At the 2 mg/kg dose, MLP induced comparable levels of chromosome-type aberrations in bone marrow cells of both mouse strains and in splenocytes of C57BL/6J mice. At 4 mg/kg, no further increase in aberrations was detected in bone marrow, while a dose-effect relationship was found in spleen cells. This different response may result from a negative selection against highly damaged bone marrow cells during mitotic proliferation. The results indicate that chromosome painting is a useful tool for detecting stable chromosome aberrations in somatic cells exposed to MLP and possibly to other genotoxic chemical carcinogens.

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A cytogenetic follow-up of some highly irradiated victims of the Chernobyl accident

Sevan'kaev¹,

Lloyd²,

Edwards³

et al. 2004

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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A follow-up of ten highly irradiated men, mostly reactor crew, from the Chernobyl accident is described. Their pre-accident medical conditions, and relevant medical status approximately 10-13y later are listed. A comparison is made between estimates, derived from several biological parameters, of their average whole-body penetrating radiation doses. First estimates were based on their presenting severity of prodromal sickness, early changes in blood cell counts, and dicentric chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes. In three cases ESR measurements on tooth enamel were also made. Retrospective dosimetry using FISH translocations was attempted 10-13 y later. This showed good agreement for those patients with the lower earlier dose estimates; up to about 3 Gy. For the others, extending up to about 12 Gy, the translocations indicated lower values, suggesting that in these cases translocations had somewhat declined. Repeated chromosomal examinations during the follow-up period showed an expected decline in dicentric frequencies. The pattern of decline was biphasic with a more rapid first phase, with a half-life of about 4 months followed by a slower decline with half-lives around 2-4 y. The rapid phase persisted for longer in those patients who had received the highest doses. 10-13 y later dicentric levels were still above normal background but well below the translocation frequencies.

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Cytogenetic Effects as Quantitative Indicators of Radiation Exposure

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Persistent in vivo cytogenetic effects of radioiodine therapy: a 21-year follow-up study using multicolor FISH

Persistent in vivo cytogenetic effects of radioiodine therapy: a 21-year follow-up study using multicolor FISH

Use of chromosome painting for detecting stable chromosome aberrations induced by melphalan in mice

A cytogenetic follow-up of some highly irradiated victims of the Chernobyl accident

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