Cytogenetic investigation of chromosomal aberrations in cells treated with plantamajoside from Plantago asiatica

Abstract

Plantago asiatica is a member of the Plantaginaceae family, and is widely distributed in East Asia. In our previous work, a single active compound, plantamajoside was isolated and confirmed to have glycation inhibitory activity, and did not possess toxicity during a 90 day repeated oral toxicity test in rats. In the present study, a chromosomal aberration test was performed to investigate the genotoxicity of plantamajoside. From the results of the cytotoxicity test, plantamajoside proved to be less toxic when it was treated combined with S9 cell fractions. However, there was a significant increase in structural aberrations during the short-term treatment of plantamajoside at its highest dose (5000 microg/mL) even when combined with S9. This seems to have been a natural phenomenon due to the very high dose of plantamajoside that was used. However, to confirm the safety of plantamajoside for its potential use as a phytochemical agent in health products, additional mutagenicity tests are necessary.

Plantamajoside — A current review

“…Antioxidant effects were also tested using DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (Miyase et al, 1991;Jimé nez and Riguera, 1994;Skari et al, 1999;Chen et al, 2010) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (Amakura et al, 2012). Cytotoxic activity was measured using S9 Cell fraction (Koo et al, 2009), or cell line A549 (human lung carcinoma), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) and P388 (murine leukemia) . The activity against flatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity in H4IIE cells (Lee et al, 2006a) was also determined.…”

“…Enzyme inhibitory activity was determined using cAMP phosphodiesterase from beef heart and 5-lipooxygenase from RBL-1 cells (Deyama et al, 2006;Nishibe, 1994Nishibe, , 2002Skari et al, 1999). Genotoxicity was determined using the chromosomal aberration test (Koo et al, 2009), induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (Lee et al, 2006a), inhibitory activity against edema was demonstrated using arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear oedema (Deyama et al, 2006;Nishibe, 1994Nishibe, , 2002 and cAMP phosphodiesterase was used to demonstrate enzyme activity (Ravn et al, 1990;Jimé nez and Riguera, 1994) and enzyme inhibitory effects were further investigated on 5-lipoxygenase (Ravn et al, 1990) and enzymatic lipid peroxidation (Skari et al, 1999). The pathogenesis of diabetes was measured by testing glycation inhibitory activity (Choi et al, 2008), and prevention of diabetic complications (Won et al, 2007).…”

“…3)-4-O-caffeoyl-b-D-glucopyranoside) was detected in Plantago spp., and since then it has been investigated with respect to its utility in various applications. Plantamajoside is an interesting compound because it can be used as chemotaxonomical biomarker together with other caffeic acid derivatives (Mølgaard, 1986b;Mølgaard and Ravn, 1988;Rønsted et al, 2000Rønsted et al, , 2003 and as a potential bioactive drug compound (Amakura et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2010;Choi et al, 2008;Phytochemistry Letters 12 (2015) 42-53 Deyama et al, 2006;Jimé nez and Riguera, 1994;Koo et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2006a, b;Miyase et al, 1991;Murai et al, 1995;Nishibe, 1994Nishibe, , 2002Oh et al, 2005;Park et al, 2007;Ravn and Brimer, 1988;Ravn et al, 1989Ravn et al, , 1990Shoyama et al, 1986;Skari et al, 1999;Won et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2012). In this review all available information on the biological and chemical properties of plantamajoside are presented and summarized to create an overview of the plantamajoside content in various Plantago species, how it can be synthesized and its biological activity.…”

Determination of phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides from therapeutically used Plantago species by CE‐MEKC

“…The increasing use is more and more supported by the cumulating body of evidence of pharmacological, chemical studies and clinical trials. Chemical studies are inherent parts of evidence‐based phytotherapy—they are accomplished to prove effectiveness of the products, to help their characterization and standardization, and to aid toxicology studies . Therefore, development of methods capable of quantifying these compounds is a constant task for research.…”