Cytokine, chemokine and secretory IgA levels in human milk in relation to atopic disease and IgA production in infants

Abstract

The relationship between breast-feeding, IgA production and development of atopic disease in children is a matter of controversy. Some of this controversy might be due to individual differences in the composition of breast milk. The aim of this study was to relate the levels of cytokines, chemokines and secretory (S)-IgA antibodies in breast milk to the development of atopic manifestation and salivary IgA production in infants. Cytokine, chemokine and SIgA levels, as measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in colostrum and mature milk were analyzed in relation to the development of positive skin-prick tests (SPT), allergic symptoms and salivary IgA antibody production during the first 2 years of life in 53 infants. There was no association between levels of IL-4, -5, -6, -8, -10, -13, -16, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1, -beta2, RANTES, eotaxin or SIgA levels in the breast milk with either SPT-positivity, development of allergic symptoms or salivary IgA levels during the first 2 years of life in the infants. Thus, differences in the composition of cytokines, chemokines and SIgA in breast milk did not, to any major degree, affect the development of a positive SPT, atopic symptoms, nor salivary IgA antibody production during the first 2 years of life.

Breast Milk Cytokine and IgA Composition Differ in Estonian and Swedish Mothers—Relationship to Microbial Pressure and Infant Allergy

“…In partial contrast to our findings, infants with postweaning onset allergic disease received colostrum with higher TGF-␤2 levels than infants with preweaning onset of disease (16). However, this observation is still controversial (15,18,20). That children with transient when compared with persistent sensitization during infancy more often received colostrum with detectable IL-10 may be related to the IgE inhibitory effects of this cytokine (26).…”

Beneficial health effects of milk and fermented dairy products — Review

“…Several different cytokines and chemokines have been discovered in human milk and the list is growing very rapidly (Böttcher et al 2003;Ustundag et al 2005;Kverka et al 2007). Cytokines operate in networks and produce various effects that contribute to the orchestration, development, and functions of the immune system.…”

Manfaat Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dalam Pencegahan Kejadian Dermatitis Atopi pada Anak

“…Kandungan sIgA, TGF-β2 dan asam lemak tidak jenuh rantai ganda dalam ASI ibu dengan atopi lebih rendah dibandingkan ibu tanpa riwayat atopi. 35,[53][54][55][56] Adanya kontroversi antara studi yang satu dengan lainnya disebabkan juga adanya perbedaan desain penelitian, perbedaan kriteria diagnosis DA, randomisasi, dan blinding. 42 Keterbatasan studi kami adalah adanya kemungkinan bias recall dan bias pemilihan subjek.…”