Cytokine-Induced Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis Reversed Cognitive Decline in a Vascular Dementia Patient with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Abstract

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but no curative treatment has yet been established. We treated a 70-year-old male Japanese VaD patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis using cytokine-induced neurogenesis and angiogenesis to regenerate residual neuronal stem cells and degenerated middle cerebral artery (MCA) branches. This treatment successfully regenerated the atrophied cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and degenerated MCA branches and was associated with improved cognitive function and the resolution of electrophysiological abnormalities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to demonstrate that cytokine-induced neurogenesis and angiogenesis reversed cognitive decline due to VaD.

"Cytokine-Induced Neurogenesis and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease"

“…In this case, we used 6 cytokines, namely, HGF, GCSF, adiponectin, IGF-1 & IGF-2, progranulin, VEGF, as well as an exosome, as illustrated in (Figure 1). Although these cytokines work synergistically in favor of neurogenesis and cognitive function [5] [11], the combination of progranulin and an exosome worked successfully in this case for the improvement of cognitive functions such as verbal memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and cognitive flexibility (Figure 1). Mutations in the progranulin gene are closely associated with the development of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and other neurodegenerative diseases [12].…”

“…The clinical application of progranulin successfully induced hippocampal neurogenesis in FTD as described previously [5]. In clinical applications for dementia patients, progranulin is one of the most powerful cytokines to induce cortical neurogenesis in the frontal and temporal lobes [5,11,13].…”