Cytokine Profile in the Treatment of Chronic Generalized Periodontitis

Abstract

Objective — improvement of methods of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis based on the analysis of the cytokine profile of patients.
 Methodology. A study of 120 patients with chronic periodontitis of varying severity aged 30 to 50 years was conducted. All patients were randomized into 5 groups according to the severity of the disease and therapy. all patients received traditional anti-inflammatory therapy. In group 4, in addition to the main treatment, patients received laser therapy sessions. In group 5, patients with severe chronic periodontitis were administered remaxol along with laser therapy. Evaluation of the condition of periodontal tissues was carried out according to clinical indices. PMA, SBI, API, OHI-s, and periodontal indices were used. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were studied by enzyme immunoassay.
 Results: In chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate and severe severity, the content of all studied proinflammatory cytokines in the blood serum increases, and more significantly in the group of patients with severe disease. At the same time, the content of anti-inflammatory mediators undergoes ambiguous changes: in group I, the content of IL-4 increases significantly, and in group II it does not change significantly. In turn, IL-10 in group I does not decrease significantly, but in group II it becomes significantly less than normal. The inclusion of laser therapy and remaxol in the complex of standard measures showed high efficiency in reducing the severity of the pathological process, which was expressed in a faster subsiding of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues.
 Conclusions: An increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood serum in chronic generalized periodontitis was revealed, and more significantly in the group of patients with a severe course of the disease. At the same time, an imbalance of the system of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is registered. The use of laser therapy and remaxol in the complex treatment of CPT was the most effective.