Cytokine response and clinicopathological findings in Brucella infected camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Abstract

The present study had the aim of assessing the cytokine response and selected clinicopathological findings associated with brucellosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius). 340 dromedary camels were examined for brucellosis using agglutination and Complement Fixation tests (CFT). Twenty-five camels (7.35%) were positive by both tests; 14 (4.12%) for B. abortus and 11 (3.23%) for B. melitensis. IL-1β and IL-10 interleukin levels in both B. abortus and B. melitensis infected camels showed significant elevations (P < 0.05) compared with controls. Moreover, there was significantly larger increase in IL-1β interleukins in camels infected with B. abortus compared with B. melitensis. TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1α levels showed significant decreases (P < 0.05) in Brucella infected camels compared with non-infected ones; however, there was non-significant changes in IL-6 levels in Brucella infected camels compared with controls. Lymphopenia was recorded in infected camels but not in controls. However, normocytic normochromic anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypoglycemia were recorded in the B. abortus group only. Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in infected camels compared with controls, and in B. abortus infected camels compared with B. melitensis infected animals. This is the first report that describes changes in selected cytokines and various haematological and biochemical parameters associated with brucellosios in dromedary camels. Emphasis should be placed on multidisciplinary research to elucidate the immunomodulatory features of camel brucellosis.

Evaluation of serum enzyme activities and protein fractions in Brucella-infected cows

“…Furthermore, cows serologically positive for brucellosis had lower A/G ratios when compared with healthy cows. The result of the present study is partly in agreement with previous reports that documented an increase of serum globulin level in Brucella-affected cows (18), ewes (31), and camels (19), whereas Nath et al (18) reported a significant decrease in albumin concentrations and nonsignificant changes in total protein and A/G ratio between the brucellosis-affected and healthy cows. However, Hamada et al (31) found a nonsignificant difference in albumin and total protein between brucellosis-affected and healthy ewes.…”

“…However, Hamada et al (31) found a nonsignificant difference in albumin and total protein between brucellosis-affected and healthy ewes. El-Boshy et al (19) reported a significant decrease in serum albumin between brucellosis-affected and healthy camels.…”

Assessment of Haemato-biochemical Parameters and Therapeutics on Brucella Infected Cattle

“…El-Boshy et al [32] reported significant increases (P<0.05) in serum SD, AST and ALT levels and non-significant variations in creatinine in Brucella infected animals. Forbes et al [31] confirmed stable and similar haemato-biochemical parameters in moose experimentally infected with B. abortus biovar 1.…”

“…Some worker has also reported higher Hb concentration in Brucella infected animals [32]. Lymphocyte count was also lowered in Brucella infected animals [32,33]. However, Sikder et al [30] found higher values of neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil counts in the B. abortus positive cattle than the standard values.…”

“…Animals such as moose, infected experimentally with B. abortus showed slight lower Hb concentration [31] or within the range of reference value [30]. Some worker has also reported higher Hb concentration in Brucella infected animals [32]. Lymphocyte count was also lowered in Brucella infected animals [32,33].…”