Cytokine Responses in Camels (Camelus bactrianus) Vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 Vaccine

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In the present study, we determined the levels of cytokines produced by camel (Camelus bactrianus) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to live attenuated Brucella abortus (B. abortus) S19 vaccine. Seven camels were vaccinated with commercial B. abortus S19 vaccine, and their cytokine responses were determined using a real-time PCR assay. Cytokine responses to B. abortus S19 were examined at 6 hr, 48 hr and 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination. Serological tests were performed to further confirm these immune responses. The results revealed that IFN-γ and IL-6 were upregulated during the first week post-vaccination. Low level expressions of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα and IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 and IL-4 were observed compared with the control camels. The findings showed that B. abortus stimulates cell-mediated immunity by directly activating camel Th1 cells to secrete IFN-γ. This quantification of cytokine expression in camels is essential for understanding of Camelidae disease development and protective immune responses. This is the first report of in vivo camel cytokine quantification after vaccination. KEY WORDS: Brucella abortus S19, camel, cytokine.

Cytokine response and clinicopathological findings in Brucella infected camels (Camelus dromedarius)

“…These findings are in accordance with other studies that have estimated IL-10 production following Brucella infection (Hoover et al, 1999;Pasquali et al, 2001). Similar findings were also recorded in camels (Camelus bactrianus) experimentally vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19 (Odbileg et al, 2008).…”

“…This finding coincided with that of Saunders et al (1993) who found that IL-6 titres decreased after the peak of infection, falling to baseline levels before these chronic infections were eradicated. On the other hand, Odbileg et al (2008) recorded a significant increase in IL-6 levels in camels vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19 compared with non-vaccinated camels. This result suggests that the state of infection could affect the cytokine level.…”

“…IL-10 has been demonstrated to inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3 and TNF-α made by cells such as macrophages and the Type 1 T helper cells (Moore et al, 2001;Trinchieri, 2007). However, the results of Demirdag et al (2003) and Odbileg et al (2008) showed low levels of expression. The present results suggest that IL-10 may be down-regulating the immune response to B. abortus by affecting both the function of macrophage effectors and the production of the protective Th1 cytokine gamma interferon.…”

“…on immunological, biochemical and haematological parameters in camels is very scarce. Only one report has described the effect of experimental vaccination with B. abortus strain 19 vaccine on cytokine expression in camels (Camelus bactrianus) (Odbileg et al, 2008). Consequently, the aim of the present study was to delineate cytokine responses as well as clinicopathological changes in Brucella infected camels (Camelus dromedarius).…”

The Camel's (Camelus Dromedarius) Mammary Gland Immune System in Health and Disease

“…However, the inflammatory cytokines were elevated in camel as result of infection or vaccination. The upregulation of the cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, interleukin-1α and β (IL-1α and β) and the TNF-α was detected with real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in camel vaccinated with strain 19 of Brucella abortus [38]. The increases in the level of the same cytokines were also detected in camel infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) [39].…”