Cytokines and Chemokines in Uveitis - Is there a Correlation with Clinical Phenotype?

Ooi, Kenneth G.-J.; Galatowicz, Grazyna; Calder, Virginia L.; Lightman, Susan

doi:10.3121/cmr.4.4.294

Cited by 134 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Human uveitis is clinically heterogeneous, even though patients may respond to the same retinal antigen(s). Ocular inflammation in humans has been associated in some cases with a Th1-like cytokine profile, and more recently the presence of Th17 responses has been reported (79,(84)(85)(86)(87). However, it is still unclear whether such responses in these patients are causally related to uveitis and represent a valid therapeutic target, especially in the case of patients whose uveitis is part of a systemic syndrome, as they could simply be a consequence of an overactive systemic immune response.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A look at autoimmunity and inflammation in the eye

2010

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Autoimmune and inflammatory uveitis are a group of potentially blinding intraocular inflammatory diseases that arise without a known infectious trigger and are often associated with immunological responses to unique retinal proteins. In the United States, about 10% of the cases of severe visual handicap are attributed to this group of disorders. As I discuss here, experimental models of ocular autoimmunity targeting retinal proteins have brought about a better understanding of the basic immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis and are serving as templates for the development of novel therapies.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A look at autoimmunity and inflammation in the eye

2010

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“…Macrophages are also one of the predominant inflammatory cells in anterior uveitis and experimental anterior uveitis [55,56]. Moreover, many proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokines (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, IL-8, CX3CL1) that are produced by macrophages have been detected in various types of uveitic eyes [57].…”

Section: Macrophages In Amdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathological aspects of age-related macular degeneration

2008

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a leading cause of blindness worldwide. While the clinical and histopathological aspects of AMD are well characterized, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Recent findings suggest a role for immunologic processes in AMD pathogenesis, including the age-related generation of extracellular deposits inside the Brusch membrane and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium, recruitment of macrophages for clearance of these deposits, complement activation, recruitment of tissue-destructive macrophages, microglial activation and accumulation, and proinflammatory effects of chronic inflammation by Chlamydia pneumoniae. This review discusses the evidence for the role of inflammation in human AMD and in animal models of AMD.

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“…There is limited information about the differences and similarities in cytokine patterns between viral and bacterial ocular diseases in the context of HIV infection, as most studies have been performed in autoimmune diseases or in immunocompetent individuals. [5][6][7][8] As CMV infection and syphilis are both able to modify the immune response, 19,20 and these are the most common ocular infections diagnosed at our center, we compared their cytokine profiles in AqH and plasma of HIV-infected individuals with these OIs. Our study showed that the AqH cytokine profile is independent in this compartment, and is different from the profile observed in plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Ocular syphilis typically occurs at earlier stages of HIV infection and manifestations may include anterior uveitis, vitritis, retinitis, choroiditis, papillitis, or panuveitis. 4 The levels of some cytokines involved in various OIs and idiopathic uveitis have been described in immunocompetent individuals, [5][6][7] and no correlation between aqueous humor (AqH) and plasma values has been found. 8,9 However, the description of cytokine profiles characterizing different OIs in HIV-infected population remains incomplete.…”

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confidence: 99%