Cytokines and Organ Failure in Acute Pancreatitis

Abstract

Synchronous measurements of 4 cytokines demonstrated IL-6 and IL-8 to be predictive as early surrogate markers with regard to organ failures in AP. The fact that all of the cytokines were particularly elevated in patients with organ failures calls for evaluation of agents modifying the severe inflammatory response in patients with AP.

Anti-TNF Therapy in the Treatment of Psoriasis in a Patient with Acute-on-Chronic Pancreatitis

“…Elevated levels of TNF are observed in the serum of animals with experimental acute pancreatitis [9] as well as in patients with acute pancreatitis [10,11,12]. Evidence, both in vitro and in animal models, suggests that TNF contributes to the progression of the systemic inflammatory response as well as to the end-organ dysfunction observed in severe pancreatitis [9].…”

The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in Vascular Disorders and Organ Dysfunction in Acute Pancreatitis Patients

“…Ìåä³àòîðè çàïàëüíî¿ â³äïîâ³ä³, ÿêèõ ñèíòå-çóþòü àêòèâîâàí³ ìàêðîôà´è, íåéòðîô³ëè òà ³íø³ êë³òèíè îð´àí³çìó, º âèçíà÷àëüíèìè ó âèíèêíåíí³ ÑÑÇÂ, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóº ïî÷àò-êîâ³ ñòà䳿 ÃÏ, òà ó ïîñèëåíí³ çàïàëüíèõ çì³í ó ï³äøëóíêîâ³é çàëîç³ é ïðèëåãëèõ òêàíèíàõ. Åêñïåðèìåíòàëüí³ òà êë³í³÷í³ ñïîñòåðåaeåííÿ ïîêàçóþòü, ùî ïðîçàïàëüí³ öèòîê³íè çàëó÷åí³ äî âèíèêíåííÿ ì³ñöåâèõ ³, îñîáëèâî, ñèñòåìíèõ óñêëàäíåíü ó õâîðèõ íà ÃÏ [1,5,9].Çì³íè ó ñïëàíõí³÷íèõ àðòåð³ÿõ çà ãîñòðî-ãî íåêðîòè÷íîãî ïàíêðåàòèòó º íàñë³äêîì âèâ³ëüíåííÿ ïðîçàïàëüíèõ öèòîê³í³â ³ âàçî-àêòèâíèõ ìåä³àòîð³â, ÿê³ çàëó÷àþòü äî ïàòî-ëî´³÷íîãî ïðîöåñó ëåéêîöèòè é àêòèâóþòü åíäîòåë³é ñóäèí. Óñå öå ïðèçâîäèòü äî åíäî-òåë³àëüíî¿ ³ ì³êðîöèðêóëÿö³éíî¿ äèñôóíê-ö³¿.…”

“…Ïåðåä÷àñíà àêòèâàö³ÿ âíóòð³øíüîêë³òèí-íèõ ïðîòåàç ï³äøëóíêîâî¿ çàëîçè â³äîìà ÿê îäíà ç íàéðàí³øèõ ïîä³é ó ïàòî´åíåç³ ÃÏ [28], àëå, êð³ì ïðîöåñ³â àâòîïåðåòðàâëþâàí-íÿ, âàaeê³ñòü çàõâîðþâàííÿ íà ïî÷àòêîâ³é ñòà䳿 ÃÏ çàëåaeèòü â³ä àêòèâóâàííÿ ëåéêî-öèò³â [26] ³ ñèíäðîìó ñèñòåìíî¿ çàïàëüíî¿ â³äïîâ³ä³ (ÑÑÇÂ) [9]. гçíîìàí³òí³ ìåä³àòîðè çàïàëüíîãî êàñêàäó, çîêðåìà, öèòîê³íè [9], â³ëüí³ ðàäèêàëè êèñíþ [18], õåìîê³íè [24], Ñà2+ [12], ôàêòîð àêòèâàö³¿ òðîìáîöèò³â [16], àäåíîçèí [30], ñóáñòàíö³ÿ Ð [27], àêòè-âóâàííÿ ëåéêîöèò³â [26] ³ åíäîòåë³àëüíèõ êë³òèí [8,33], ³øåì³ÿ ï³äøëóíêîâî¿ çàëîçè [20], âèçíà÷åí³ ÿê âàaeëèâ³ ÷èííèêè â ïàòî-åíåç³ ãîñòðîãî íåêðîòè÷íîãî ïàíêðåàòèòó òà éîãî ñèñòåìíèõ óñêëàäíåíü.…”

“…гçíîìàí³òí³ ìåä³àòîðè çàïàëüíîãî êàñêàäó, çîêðåìà, öèòîê³íè [9], â³ëüí³ ðàäèêàëè êèñíþ [18], õåìîê³íè [24], Ñà2+ [12], ôàêòîð àêòèâàö³¿ òðîìáîöèò³â [16], àäåíîçèí [30], ñóáñòàíö³ÿ Ð [27], àêòè-âóâàííÿ ëåéêîöèò³â [26] ³ åíäîòåë³àëüíèõ êë³òèí [8,33], ³øåì³ÿ ï³äøëóíêîâî¿ çàëîçè [20], âèçíà÷åí³ ÿê âàaeëèâ³ ÷èííèêè â ïàòî-åíåç³ ãîñòðîãî íåêðîòè÷íîãî ïàíêðåàòèòó òà éîãî ñèñòåìíèõ óñêëàäíåíü.…”

“…Ìåä³àòîðè çàïàëüíî¿ â³äïîâ³ä³, ÿêèõ ñèíòå-çóþòü àêòèâîâàí³ ìàêðîôà´è, íåéòðîô³ëè òà ³íø³ êë³òèíè îð´àí³çìó, º âèçíà÷àëüíèìè ó âèíèêíåíí³ ÑÑÇÂ, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóº ïî÷àò-êîâ³ ñòà䳿 ÃÏ, òà ó ïîñèëåíí³ çàïàëüíèõ çì³í ó ï³äøëóíêîâ³é çàëîç³ é ïðèëåãëèõ òêàíèíàõ. Åêñïåðèìåíòàëüí³ òà êë³í³÷í³ ñïîñòåðåaeåííÿ ïîêàçóþòü, ùî ïðîçàïàëüí³ öèòîê³íè çàëó÷åí³ äî âèíèêíåííÿ ì³ñöåâèõ ³, îñîáëèâî, ñèñòåìíèõ óñêëàäíåíü ó õâîðèõ íà ÃÏ [1,5,9].…”