Cytokines as prognstic tool in breast carcinoma

Abstract

Serum cytokines are promising biomarkers of cancer staging and outcome prediction, including response to treatment. Serum samples were collected from 200 breast carcinoma patients prior to chemotherapy treatment. Luminex liquid protein chip technology was used to analyze 25 cytokines in serum. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship of cytokine levels and tumor size. The independent sample T-test and Chi-square test methods were used to analyze the difference of cytokine levels between two groups. IL-12p40, sIL-2R, MMP-2 levels showed linear correlation with tumor size. Eotaxin, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-7, IL-1ra, IP-10, MCP-1beta, MP-2 and MIP-1beta levels showed significant difference between different lymph node groups, but only Eotaxin, IP-10 and MCP-1 levels had an inverse correlation with the number of positive nodes. Fractalkine, G-CSF, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta levels showed significant differences between different ER+ groups. Eotaxin, Fractalkine, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, MCP-1 and VEGF levels had significant differences between different HER-2 groups. Our study resulted in the identification of a serum cytokine profile with the potential to be clinically applicable to predict disease outcome and in monitoring of efficacy of treatment.

Interaction between Treg cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of epithelial ovarian cancer

“…The major secretory characteristic of TAMs includes the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is an immunosuppressive cytokine which participates in the growth and metastasis of different human malignant tumors. Sources of IL-10 include monocytes, a subtype of dendritic cells which activates macrophages and TAMs (10). IL-10 plays an important role in preventing inflammation in the negative feedback loop (11).…”

BMP-6 in Renal Cell Carcinoma Promotes Tumor Proliferation through IL-10–Dependent M2 Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages

“…IL-10 is produced by monocytes, activated macrophages, and a subtype of dendritic cells (22). In cancers, additional sources of IL-10 include the alternatively activated M2 macrophages and TAMs (23,24). Because the major stimulus for the IL-10 expression is inflammation, IL-10 plays a major role in the negative feedback loop that prevents uncontrolled inflammation (25).…”

Correlation of Levels of IL-6 with Tumor Burden and Receptor Status in Patients of Locally Advanced Carcinoma Breast

“…There was no statistically significant correlation between serum baseline levels of IL-6 and ER/PR/Her 2 neu status in our study. Lv et al [14] have reported significant differences in levels of serum IL-6 between different Her 2 groups in their study conducted in Chinese patients.…”