Cytokines in human intraocular inflammation

Abstract

The presence of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was investigated in vitreous and aqueous aspirates from eyes undergoing vitrectomy for the treatment of different inflammatory conditions. Cadaveric vitreous from 10 normal subjects were used as controls. IL-6 was observed in 5 specimens from eyes with idiopathic uveitis (range = 26-264 pg/ml), in 2 specimens from eyes with uveitis complicated with retinal detachment (28 and 279 pg/ml, respectively), in 6 samples from eyes with diabetic retinopathy (range = 5-480 pg/ml), in one sample from an eye with phacolytic glaucoma (1190 pg/ml) and in one specimen from an eye with Behçet's disease (366 pg/ml). Although IL-1 was detected in 80% of all the samples investigated, concentrations of this cytokine greater than 3 pg/ml were only observed in 2 specimens from eyes with uveitis (5 and 20 pg/ml, respectively) and 2 samples from eyes with diabetic retinopathy (3 and 31 pg/ml, respectively). TNF was present in 3 specimens from eyes with uveitis (range = 2-24 pg/ml) and 1 sample from eyes with diabetic retinopathy (4 pg/ml), but was not detected in the eyes with phacolytic glaucoma or Behçet's disease. IL-2 (less than 0.1 U/ml) was detected in one sample from an eye with uveitis, one specimen from an eye with uveitis complicated with retinal detachment and 2 samples from eyes with diabetic retinopathy. None of the cytokines measured were detected in any of the control vitreous. The present observations suggest that cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IL-1, may act as local amplification signals in pathological processes associated with chronic eye inflammation.

Vitreous surgery in the management of chronic endogenous posterior uveitis

“…[9][10][11][12][13] In our study, the number and classes of medications did not change in the postoperative period. This difference may be explained by the increased use of immunosuppression in the immediate postoperative period.…”

“…The reduction of inflammatory relapses and CMO after PPV may be through the removal of these cells, abolishing the abnormal Th1/Th2 balance of lymphocytes within the uveitic eye which is proposed to mediate uveitic exacerbation and remission. 10 The continued episodes of anterior uveitis postoperatively may be caused by the stimulus of surgical trauma, but could potentially also be because of abnormalities in immune regulation in anterior uveitis that are not affected by removal of vitreous cells.…”

“…8,9 The number of uveitic exacerbations is also reduced with fewer immunosuppressive medications required. [10][11][12][13] PPV in uveitis can also be a useful aid in diagnosis by providing a view of the fundus and biopsy material for laboratory analysis. This can reveal a diagnosis in approximately 30-50% of cases where the fundus cannot be otherwise visualised.…”

Simple retinal detachments: identifying the at-risk case

“…Limb et al also looked at biological risk factors and found elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1 and IFN to be associated with PVR. 31 They also found the cell adhesion molecule ICAM to be a risk factor for PVR. 32,33 In a recent prospective study, Kon et al 34 looked at the risk factors for the development of PVR in patients undergoing a primary vitrectomy for a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.…”

UVEITIS INA RHEUMATOLOGISTS PRACTICE: A ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-а INHIBITORS

“…Полагают, что активированные Т-клетки прямо не проникают через сетчатку, а их ми-грация становится возможной только при поврежде-нии эндотелия сосудов [9]. ФНО α обнаруживали в глазном яблоке человека при различных воспалитель-ных заболеваниях [10]. В экспериментальных иссле-дованиях увеит постоянно ассоциировался с повыше-нием экспрессии ФНО α.…”