Cytokines of the Human Reproductive Tract

Srivastava, Maya D.; Lippes, Jack; Srivastava, B. I. Sahai

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00157.x

Cited by 121 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hanna et al [22] also indicate that tissues from normal pregnancies expressed predominantly IL-10. Similarly, Srivastava et al, [23] explain that the high IL-10 levels in human oviductal fluid plays a powerful role in regulating immune responses in the fallopian tube and endometrial cavity. IL-10 is a potent TH2 type cytokine and its deficiency in patients with eclampsia in this study in relation to increased TNF-α levels in same individuals may explain the adverse clinical outcome of eclampsia (50%) child and 22% maternal mortality) compared to normal pregnant women with equally high levels of TNF-α but adequately compensating levels of IL-10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cytokine levels and T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant women with eclampsia

Musa¹,

Onyemelukwe²,

Olatunji³

et al. 2012

OJI

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Background: Eclampsia, defined as the occurrence during pregnancy of hypertension, oedema, proteinuria and/or other neurologic abnormalities, causes substantial morbidity and mortality for both mother and foetus. However, its aetiology is largely unknown. Genetic and immune factors may play a role including a reduced maternal response to paternal antigen and an altered adaptation of the maternal immune system to the foetus. Methods: Participants consisted of pregnant women with and without a diagnosis of eclampsia (N = 20, each group), and normal healthy nonpregnant controls (N = 18). Women with smear positive malaria or clinical infections were excluded. Serum levels of TNFα and IL-10 were assayed by ELISA. T lymphocyte subsets of pregnant patients with and without eclampsia were also studied by direct immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies and compared with the control group of 18 normal healthy nonpregnant women (NHC). Results: Eclampsia was associated with significantly lower mean serum IL-10 levels compared to normal pregnant and nonpregnant controls. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα were higher in pregnant women with and without eclampsia, compared to control nonpregnant women. Further differences on serum cytokine levels were observed in the significantly increasing ratio of IL-10 to TNFα from nonpregnant controls to normal pregnant women and to pregnant women with eclampsia. The mean values of CD3+ and CD4+ positive lymphocytes was significantly decreased in patients with eclampsia (p < 0.05) in this study compared to pregnant controls. Similarly, CD3+ and CD4+ T cells were further decreased in eclampsia and pregnant controls compared to nonpregnant controls (p < 0.05). A decreasing CD4/CD8 ratio was observed from non-pregnant to pregnant controls and to patients with eclampsia buttressing an increase in CD8+ cells in eclampsia and pregnancy compared to controls. Conclusions: While a pro-inflammatory immune milieu during pregnancy complicated with eclampsia was demonstrated, the presence of eclampsia was not associated with further cytokine differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cytokine levels and T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant women with eclampsia

Musa¹,

Onyemelukwe²,

Olatunji³

et al. 2012

OJI

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“…Human milk, especially colostrum, contains many materials such as cytokines (TGF␤, EGF, etc) and sIgA. 1 The present trial is still preliminary and the efficacy of colostrum therapy for gut GVHD should be confirmed in more cases. In the same setting oral immunoglobulin may be an alternative choice.…”

Section: Colostrum and Severe Gut Gvhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colostrum and severe gut GVHD

Inoue

Okamura

Sawada

et al. 1998

Bone Marrow Transplant

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“…This result agrees with Blakewood et al [2,3] who found a high percentage of morula and blastocyst after culture of preimplantation mammalian embryos in the amniotic cavity of chick embryos. This development-promoting ability of CEAF is possibly due to the presence of several growth factors that have previously been found in the amniotic fluid of other species such as, TGF, IGF, stem cell factor (SCF) in human amniotic fluid [3,7,19], IGF in turkey amniotic fluid [15], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovine amniotic fluid [4], and hematopoietic growth factors in human amniotic fluid [6]. However a careful biochemical study is needed to find the precise concentrations of growth factors in CEAF.…”

Section: -4644mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Six-and Ten-Day-Old Chick Embryo Amniotic Fluid on Development of Two-Cell Mouse Embryos

Esmaili

Valojerdi

2004

Exp. Anim.

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six-and ten-day-old chick embryo amniotic fluid (CEAF) on the development of two-cell mouse embryos. Sixand ten-day-old CEAF (6-AF, 10-AF) were aspirated separately from the amniotic cavity and two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in different supplements of heat-inactivated 6-AF, pure heat-inactivated 6-AF and pure active 6-AF. The second experiment was also carried out in the same manner using the 10-AF. The rate of the development of embryos in all groups were daily determined and statistically compared with that of control (Ham's F-10 supplemented with 5mg/ml human serum albumin). During the cultivation period, more embryos reached to the blastocyst stage in all groups of CEAF compared to the control. The result hatched blastocysts embryos also increased from days 3 till 5 of cultivation in all groups of CEAF. The developmental potential of embryos appears to be almost identical in six-and ten-dayold CEAF. In conclusion, CEAF as a supplement or a natural medium could support the development of two-cell mouse embryos.

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Cytokines of the Human Reproductive Tract

Cited by 121 publications

References 23 publications

Serum cytokine levels and T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant women with eclampsia

Serum cytokine levels and T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant women with eclampsia

Colostrum and severe gut GVHD

Effect of Six-and Ten-Day-Old Chick Embryo Amniotic Fluid on Development of Two-Cell Mouse Embryos

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