1984
DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(84)80110-7
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Cytologic spectrum of bladder cancer

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Cited by 31 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Urine cytology is "the gold standard" with high specificity but with lower sensitivity in good-differentiated tumors, and accuracy depends on the experience of the examiner. (4) Cystoscopy is an invasive method with rates of sensitivity and specificity of 70-80%. (5) With the advent of new molecular techniques, the field of molecular biology has been explored in recent years resulting in detailed analysis of human cells on the DNA, RNA, and pro-…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Urine cytology is "the gold standard" with high specificity but with lower sensitivity in good-differentiated tumors, and accuracy depends on the experience of the examiner. (4) Cystoscopy is an invasive method with rates of sensitivity and specificity of 70-80%. (5) With the advent of new molecular techniques, the field of molecular biology has been explored in recent years resulting in detailed analysis of human cells on the DNA, RNA, and pro-…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exfoliated malignant cells are readily recognized in urinary specimens from patients with bladder carcinoma. These cells have characteristic nuclear hyperchromasia, an irregular nuclear configuration and altered chromatin structure [7,8]. These criteria are valuable for diagnosis of human bladder cancer when the lesions are of high histologic grade.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These cells have characteristic nuclear hyperchromasia, an irregular nuclear configuration and altered chromatin structure [7,8], These criteria are valuable for the diagno sis of human bladder cancers when the lesions are of high histologic grade. The criteria are, however, of limited value for the detection of relatively common, superficial, low-grade tumors [9][10][11].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%