Cytomegalovirus and blood transfusion in neonates.

Abstract

SUMMARY A fatal case of neonatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection attributed to exchange transfusion is described. The incidence of CMV transmission by exchange and other neonatal transfusion was studied, and the use of CMV antibody-free blood for these procedures was shown to be effective in preventing CMV infection in neonates.

Normalized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining immunoglobulin G antibodies to cytomegalovirus

“…It is possible that this apparent all-or-none response in the CMV system is linked to the ability of this virus to establish a latent infection and that persons without detectable antibody have never had a past infection with the virus. If true, this concept would support the assumption that plasmas which are negative for CMV antibodies are likely to be free of the virus and, therefore, suitable for transfusion in immunocompromised patients (2).…”

“…Serological testing for antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is done routinely in diagnostic laboratories and provides useful information regarding immune status and active CMV infection. In addition, such testing is now being used to screen blood for transfusion in immunocompromised recipients (2).…”

Direct assessment of cytomegalovirus transfusion‐transmitted risks after universal leukoreduction

“…C ytomegalovirus (CMV) can be transmitted through blood transfusion. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Just like transmissions through other routes, most CMV transfusion-transmitted diseases (CMV-TTD) are self-limited. 7,9,[11][12][13] However, primary CMV transmission through blood transfusion can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients, AIDS patients, and low-birth-weight neonates.…”

“…7,9,[11][12][13] However, primary CMV transmission through blood transfusion can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients, AIDS patients, and low-birth-weight neonates. 4,7,9,[12][13][14][15][16] The clinical manifestation of CMV-TTD can range from asymptomatic, to a mononucleosis-like nonspecific syndrome, to disseminated diseases involving multiple organs. It can present with fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, rash, pharyngitis, retinitis, polyneuropathy, hepatitis, interstitial pneumonitis, menigoencephalitis, colitis, gastritis, nephritis, lymphocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia.…”

Immunity to human cytomegalovirus measured and compared by complement fixation, indirect fluorescent-antibody, indirect hemagglutination, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

“…The IFA test is reported to be more sensitive than the CF test (5, 11) and can be used to effectively screen blood for antibody to CMV (2). CMV infection of human fibroblasts induces an Fc receptor in the cytoplasm of infected cells which may nonspecifically bind IgG.…”