Cytomolecular diversity of the subtribe Laeliinae (Epidendroidae, Orchidaceae) suggests no relationship between genome size and heterochromatin abundance

Querino, Bruno C.; Ferraz, Maria Eduarda; Mata-Sucre, Yennifer; Souza, Gustavo; Félix, Leonardo P.

doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01650-2

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Orchids are known by their high genetic compatibility for intergeneric and interspecific hybridization (Adams & Anderson, 1958;Whitney & al., 2010), which is even more remarkable in Laeliinae (Van den Berg, 2014b), possibly favored by the prevalence of the 2n = 40 chromosome number among most of the genera in the subtribe, including Prosthechea (Kamemoto, 1950;Blumenschein, 1960;Tanaka & Maekawa, 1983;Querino & al., 2020). Hybridization and introgression have been identified even between species with different ploidy levels in this subtribe (e.g., Epidendrum; Pinheiro & al., 2010), and Van den Berg & al.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Prosthechea (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae) based on nrITS and plastid DNA sequences: Reassessing the lumper‐splitter debate and shedding light on the evolution of this Neotropical genus

Vieira,

Salazar,

van den Berg

2024

TAXON

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After a confused taxonomic history, Prosthechea (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae) has been circumscribed in a broad sense to include species previously placed in Encyclia subg. Osmophytum. However, recent alternative classifications resurrecting old names such as Anacheilium and Hormidium, and proposing new genera such as Euchile, Panarica, Pollardia, and Pseudencyclia were presented, splitting Prosthechea into narrower genera. In this study, we provide a molecular phylogeny of Prosthechea to reassess alternative generic classifications and shed light on evolutionary aspects of this highly diverse Neotropical lineage. Eighty species of Prosthechea s.l. and 12 species of related genera were sampled. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses of sequences from three plastid regions (rpl32‐trnL, trnD‐trnT, ycf1) and nrITS were included. Possible conflicts between nuclear and plastid data were assessed with partitioned Bremer support. Ancestral state reconstructions of morphological characters relevant to the genus taxonomy are provided. Our results reinforce the monophyly of the lineage corresponding to a broad circumscription of Prosthechea. The small lineages corresponding to Euchile, Panarica, and Hormidium are monophyletic, whereas the larger Anacheilium, Pollardia, and Pseudencyclia are not monophyletic. Splitting Prosthechea into smaller genera is not supported by our phylogeny, and nonmonophyly also hinders the proposal of a comprehensive infrageneric classification. The phylogenetic relationships recovered reflect better the biogeographic patterns than the previously proposed morphological affinities, pointing to the existence of homoplastic floral traits within the genus. Conflicts between nuclear and plastid partitions were detected, suggesting a possible scenario of reticulate evolution.

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Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Prosthechea (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae) based on nrITS and plastid DNA sequences: Reassessing the lumper‐splitter debate and shedding light on the evolution of this Neotropical genus

Vieira,

Salazar,

van den Berg

2024

TAXON

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“…Goldenzelle “LC”) used in the present study, which have ornamental and horticultural characteristics from C. briegeri , C. intermedia , C. forbesi , C. loddigesii , C. dowiana , C. trianae , C. tenebrosa and C. bicolor [ 41 , 42 ]. Cytological studies have shown that most Cattleya species mentioned above have 40 chromosomes [ 43 , 44 ], but there are also intraspecific chromosomal variations, such as in C. trianae and C. bicolor with 42 chromosomes [ 44 , 45 ]. Similarly, Brassavola and Laelia also belong to the subtribe Laeliinae , therefore they have 40 somatic chromosomes, in addition to some chromosomal variations of 42, 44 and 60 identified in the genus Laelia [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular cytogenetic techniques allowed increasing the amount of information on the evolution of the karyotype in the subtribe Laeliinae [ 43 , 46 ]. A study on the evolutionary karyotype diversity in the subtribe Laeliinae , using molecular cytogenetics together with chromosome band analysis, demonstrated that C. trianae showed a fusion of a chromosome pair as a rearrangement mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study on the evolutionary karyotype diversity in the subtribe Laeliinae , using molecular cytogenetics together with chromosome band analysis, demonstrated that C. trianae showed a fusion of a chromosome pair as a rearrangement mechanism. Laelia gouldiana presented a polyploid karyotype and L. marginata had a supernumerary chromosome [ 43 ] indicating the high degree of chromosomal variations common to this subtribe, to which the hybrid used in the present study belongs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Polyploidization of Brassolaeliocattleya Hybrid Orchid

Vilcherrez-Atoche

Silva

Clarindo

et al. 2023

Plants

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The Cattleya (Orchidaceae–Laeliinae subtribe) intergeneric hybrids, such as Brassolaeliocattleya (Blc.), have great ornamental value, due to their compact-size, with large and high color diversity of flowers. Artificial induction of polyploidy brings agronomic, ornamental and genetic benefits to plants. Polyploidization efficiency depends on factors, such as the type of antimitotic, polyploidization method, concentrations, exposure times and type of explant. This study aimed to develop a protocol to polyploidize Blc. orchids, by testing two types of explants (seeds and protocorms), concentrations and exposure times to colchicine. The effects of colchicine on the in vitro development of explants were also investigated. The responses of explants to colchicine depended on the concentrations, exposure time and the interaction of these factors. Flow cytometric analysis evidenced high endopolyploidy and allowed the separation of polyploidized (4C, 8C and 16C peaks) from non-polyploidized (only 2C and 4C peaks) plants. The highest percentage of polyploid plants was regenerated from protocorms (16.4%) treated with colchicine instead of seeds (3.2%). Protocorms treated with colchicine at 500–750 μM for 18 h resulted in the best percentage of polyploidization. Additionally, in vitro natural polyploidization using protocorms was reported (11.5%). Cytological analyses allowed an estimation of the number of chromosomes of the parents (≡70), polyploidized (≡140) and non-polyploidized progeny (≡70).

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“…Chromosomal analysis has been extensively used for the karyotypic characterisation of different groups of plants, allowing the understanding of phylogenetic relationships and the detection of genetic diversity among taxa. Information such as chromosome number and size, morphology, and heterochromatin distribution, among other characteristics, is important for this type of study (Martins et al, 2018;Cordeiro et al, 2020;Querino et al, 2020). It is known that the genus Allium exhibits variation in regards to the chromosome number of its members and wide plasticity in base chromosome number, with reports of x = 7, 8, 10 and 11 (Xie-Kui et al, 2008;Khar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in heterochromatin content reveal important polymorphisms for studies of genetic improvement in garlic (Allium sativum L.)

et al. 2023

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Allium sativum L. is an herb of the Alliaceae family with a specific taste and aroma and medicinal and nutraceutical properties that are widely marketed in several countries. Brazil is one of the largest importers of garlic in the world, despite of its production is restricted and limited to internal consumption. Thus, explore the genetic diversity of commercial garlic conserved at germplasm banks is essential to generate additional genetic information about its economically important crop. A suitable tool for this purpose is the cytogenetic characterisation of these accessions. This study aimed to characterise the cytogenetic diversity among seven accessions of garlic from a Germplasm Bank in Brazil. The karyotypes were obtained by conventional staining and with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochromes. All accessions analysed showed chromosome number 2n = 16, karyotype formula 6M+2SM, symmetrical karyotypes, reticulate interphase nuclei, and chromosomes with uniform chromatin condensation from prophase to metaphase. The fluorochromes staining showed differences in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along the chromosomes and between accessions studied. Based on the distribution pattern of these small polymorphisms, it was possible to separate the seven accessions into three groups. It was also possible to differentiate some of the accessions individually. One of the results obtained showed a heteromorphic distension of the nucleolar organiser region observed on the chromosome pairs 6 or 7 with peculiar characteristics. It was suggested for example, that the heteromorphic block of heterochromatin (CMA+++/DAPI-) on chromosome 6 of the “Branco Mineiro Piauí” accession can be used as a marker to identify this genotype or may be associated with some character of economic interest.

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Cytomolecular diversity of the subtribe Laeliinae (Epidendroidae, Orchidaceae) suggests no relationship between genome size and heterochromatin abundance

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Phylogeny of Prosthechea (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae) based on nrITS and plastid DNA sequences: Reassessing the lumper‐splitter debate and shedding light on the evolution of this Neotropical genus

Phylogeny of Prosthechea (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae) based on nrITS and plastid DNA sequences: Reassessing the lumper‐splitter debate and shedding light on the evolution of this Neotropical genus

In Vitro Polyploidization of Brassolaeliocattleya Hybrid Orchid

Variations in heterochromatin content reveal important polymorphisms for studies of genetic improvement in garlic (Allium sativum L.)

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