Cytophysiology of the Adrenal Zona Fasciculata

Nussdorfer, Gastone G.; Mazzocchi, Giuseppina; Meneghelli, V.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61891-4

Cited by 116 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 278 publications

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“…The growth of adrenal cortex during the early stages of regeneration can be divided into two phases: an initial differentiation period (from days 0 to 3), and a subsequent high-proliferation period (from days 4 to 7), which are coupled to a marked decrease in the steroid-hormone secretion. From day 8 post-enucleation proliferative activity starts to decrease, and the secretory activity of the regenerating adrenal is slowly restored (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). The striking down-regulation of the expression of the rate-limiting step enzyme of steroidogenesis StAR during the early stages of adrenal regeneration fits well with the reduced gland steroidogenic capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression, steroid-hormone secretion and proliferative activity of adrenocortical cells in the presence of proteasome inhibitors: In vivo studies on the regenerating rat adrenal cortex

Ruciński¹,

Tortorella²,

Ziółkowska³

et al. 2008

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract.Previous studies have shown that proteasome inhibitors promote the accumulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in cultured rat adrenocortical cells. Unexpectedly, this response was associated with a moderate lowering in the corticosterone secretion and proliferation rate of cultured cells. Hence, we studied the effects of proteasome inhibitors MG115 and MG132 on the secretion and proliferative activity of the regenerating adrenal cortex in rats 5 days after surgery. Animals were given two subcutaneous injections of 0.15 or 1.5 nmol/100 g of inhibitors 24 and 12 h before decapitation. Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that StAR expression, both mRNA and protein, was markedly lower in regenerating adrenals than in the intact gland of sham-operated rats. Neither MG115 nor MG132 affected StAR expression in regenerating gland. Inhibitors induced a slight decrease in the plasma concentrations of aldosterone and corticosterone, but did not significantly alter metaphase index of the regenerating adrenal cortex. Our findings provide the first evidence that down-regulation of StAR occurs during the early stages of adrenal regeneration. Moreover, this suggests that the steroidogenic pathway is more sensitive to proteasome inhibitors than that regulating proliferative activity of regenerating adrenal cortex in the rat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression, steroid-hormone secretion and proliferative activity of adrenocortical cells in the presence of proteasome inhibitors: In vivo studies on the regenerating rat adrenal cortex

Ruciński¹,

Tortorella²,

Ziółkowska³

et al. 2008

Int J Mol Med

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“…However, these cells, which are provided with NMUR1, display a clear-cut proliferative response to NMU8. This observation is not surprising because the growth behavior of adrenocortical cells cultured in vitro profoundly differs from that of their in vivo counterpart, as evidenced by the fact that ACTH stimulates adrenocortical cell growth in vivo, but inhibits proliferation of adrenocortical cells cultured in vitro (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of neuromedin-U on immature rat adrenocortical cells: In vitro and in vivo studies

Ziółkowska¹,

Macchi²,

Trejter³

et al. 2008

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. Neuromedin U (NMU) is a brain-gut peptide, that in the peripheral organs and tissues acts via a G protein-coupled receptor, called NMUR1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed the expression of NMUR1 mRNA in either cortex and medulla or dispersed zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata-reticularis cells of the immature rat adrenals. Accordingly, immunocytochemistry demonstrated the presence of NMUR1-like immunoreactivity in the cortex and medulla of immature adrenals. NMU8 administration to immature rats was found to raise aldosterone, but not corticosterone, plasma concentration, without altering adrenal growth. Conversely, the exposure to NMU8 markedly enhanced the proliferative activity of immature rat inner adrenocortical cells in primary in vitro culture, without significantly affecting their corticosterone secretion. Collectively, our findings suggest that adrenals of immature rats may be a target for circulating NMU. However, the physiological significance and relevance of the adrenal effects of NMU remain to be ascertained.

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“…Lipid droplets are known to be a prominent feature of adrenocortical cells, especially in species in which most of the cholesterol is derived from lipoproteins. 13 The cytoplasm contained prominent smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, a feature typical of steroidsecreting activity. Together these findings suggest that ACT-1 cells may be able to produce steroids via the synthesis of cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a newly established cell line derived from human adrenocortical carcinoma

et al. 2001

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Background: ACT-1, a new cell line of human adrenocortical carcinoma, has been established and successfully maintained in culture. This study examined the biological characteristics of the cells. Methods:The tumor cells were isolated from a surgical specimen of the tumor thrombus and cultured in monolayer.Results: Histologically, the primary tumor was composed of a solid proliferation of large polygonal cells. A part of the atrophic adrenal cortex remained at the periphery of the tumor. The cultured ACT-1 cells were spindle-shaped in morphology and grew exponentially with an approximate population doubling time of 24 h. A chromosomal analysis revealed a modal number of 61 with consistent structural abnormalities of add(3)(q11), add(9)(p11), and add(16)(q11). The expression of 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was observed in the ACT-1 cells as well as in normal human adrenal glands. Conclusions:The ACT-1 cell line provides a reproducible model system which gives good insight into the oncogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma.

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Cytophysiology of the Adrenal Zona Fasciculata

Cited by 116 publications

References 278 publications

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression, steroid-hormone secretion and proliferative activity of adrenocortical cells in the presence of proteasome inhibitors: In vivo studies on the regenerating rat adrenal cortex

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression, steroid-hormone secretion and proliferative activity of adrenocortical cells in the presence of proteasome inhibitors: In vivo studies on the regenerating rat adrenal cortex

Effects of neuromedin-U on immature rat adrenocortical cells: In vitro and in vivo studies

Characterization of a newly established cell line derived from human adrenocortical carcinoma

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