Cytoreductive surgery impedes metastasis and enhances the immune response: A preliminary report

Abstract

In an effort to determine the effect of cytoreductive surgery on the metastatic process, MAT-LyLu flank tumors were excised from Copenhagen x Fischer rats and the effects of this surgery on metastatic lung lesions were observed. Cytoreduction resulted in a decrease in lung lesions (P less than 0.05). Adjuvant cyclophosphamide (CTX) further enhanced this beneficial effect. A concurrent increase in the helper/suppressor ratios suggested that this beneficial response might be mediated by the host's immune response.

Effect of Tumor Burden on Tumor Aggressiveness and Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer: Association with IL-6 Signaling

“…Despite limited data regarding the role of aggressive local therapy in advanced prostate cancer, current studies suggest that local treatment decreases the tumor burden and increases the time required for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to develop [9,10]. Tumor burden is one of the best predictors of long-term outcomes of prostate cancer [11,12,13]. Significant changes in whole-body tumor burden have been shown to predict PSA progression.…”

Treatment of the Primary Tumor in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

“…Tumor excision followed by postoperative chemotherapy resulted in a decrease in the number of metastatic sites in the lungs and substantially prolonged survival. Grinis et al [18] also found a significant decrease in metastatic lung lesions in mice treated with resection of the primary lesion, further establishing a preclinical model incorporating local therapy. In a clinical setting, Qin et al [19] investigated patients with hormone-sensitive mPCa treated with ADT with and without transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as a symptom-relieving procedure.…”

“…Investigators have evaluated the integration of systemic therapy and local control in a preclinical mouse model with promising results [17,18]. Kadmon et al [17] used a PCa cell line that uniformly resulted in metastatic lung colonies.…”

The cytoreductive prostatectomy in metastatic prostate cancer: what the individual trials are hoping to answer

“…There are a number of potential benefits of treating the primary tumour such as reduction in tumour seeding by metastasis–metastasis spread (by both metastatic and primary tumour clones) [7,8], allowing for intermittent systemic therapies with reduced exposure to side‐effects of systemic agents [9], and also improving local symptoms [10]. In addition to supportive in vitro and in vivo data [11,12], other cancers such as ovarian [13] and colorectal cancer [14], have shown benefit with cytoreductive therapy. The combination of radiotherapy (RT) and ADT treats the primary tumour along with micrometastatic disease, reducing the overall tumour burden [15].…”