Cytotoxic effects of the compound cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate on K-562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells

Abstract

Chemotherapy is a common treatment for leukemia. Ruthenium complexes have shown potential utility in chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. The identification of new chemotherapeutics agents is critical for further progress in the treatment of leukemia. Ruthenium complexes generally have lower toxicities compared to cisplatin attributed to their specific accumulation in cancer tissues. Based on these evidences, in the present work we studied the cytotoxic activity of the ruthenium(III) compound cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate - {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} against human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K-562) tumor cell line. The tested compound induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner on K-562 cells. It is found that the effect was improved linearly while prolonging the incubation time. Compared to the cell cycle profiles of untreated cells, flow cytometric analysis indicated the sub-G1 arresting effect of ruthenium compound on K-562 cells. In our study, {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} shows a significant increase in tailed cells in any of the concentrations tested compared with negative control. Consequently, the concentration of {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} might be associated cytotoxicity with direct effect on K-562 cells DNA. Thus, it can be deducted that ruthenium-based compounds present selectivity to enter both tumor and normal cells. Additional studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of the active components and to evaluate the potential in vivo anticancer activity of the cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate.

Synthesis, Characterization of Ruthenium Compounds and Studies of Biological Effects in MCF-7 Tumors Cell Lines

“…The data analysis points out no significant differences in cell death between the PBMC, MCF-7, PBMC + modified Ru (III) complex (Incentive) groups and that the rate is similar and low. Furthermore, studies carried out by Tarso [16] indicated that ruthenium compounds as identical in the structure had similar effects to those observed here, that is, that statistically, the stimuli tested do not have toxic effects on cells used. However, when the analysis is restricted to MCF-7 + Incentive, the data showed significant differences, showing considerable toxicity to this strain.…”

“…From this discovery, some compounds derived from Ru +3 and Ru +2 with amine [12] coordinated to N-heterocyclic ligands [13] [14] and alkyl sulfoxide ligand ligands [15] have also demonstrated a potential antimetastatic activity. In addition, new studies based on ruthenium [16] [17] [18] [19] have become the target of numerous therapeutic studies being applied in the fight against cancer. These properties cited above prompted us to make a new ruthenium-derived compound and test its antitumor potential.…”

Ruthenium Dendrimers against Human Lymphoblastic Leukemia 1301 Cells

“…Metals with anti-cancer properties such as gold, silver, platinum, or ruthenium can be coordinated with the terminal surface groups [11,13,15]. Ruthenium seems particularly interesting because it can exist in various oxidation states, among which Ru(II) is strongly cytotoxic [11,16]. In addition, ruthenium resembles iron and can be similarly attached to transferrins and albumins [17,18].…”

“…Because of their rapid metabolism and increased demand for iron, cancer cells can take up ruthenium instead of iron [17,18]. Moreover, ruthenium atoms can perturb DNA replication in tumor cells, leading to cell death [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Visual Evoked Potential Recovery by Subretinal Implantation of Photoelectric Dye‐Coupled Thin Film Retinal Prosthesis in Monkey Eyes With Macular Degeneration

“…1a,b), anterior capsulectomy was accomplished by cutting with a 25G vitreous cutter inserted from a corneal limbal side‐port under continuous irrigation with a 25G infusion cannula also inserted from another limbal side‐port, as done in congenital cataract surgery in human eyes 30. At vitrectomy 25, retinal detachment (retinal bleb) was successfully induced in the area with retinal degeneration by subretinal injection of intraocular irrigating solution with a 38G polyimide tip (Fig.…”