Ruthenium Dendrimers against Human Lymphoblastic Leukemia 1301 Cells

Abstract

Ruthenium atoms located in the surfaces of carbosilane dendrimers markedly increase their anti-tumor properties. Carbosilane dendrimers have been widely studied as carriers of drugs and genes owing to such characteristic features as monodispersity, stability, and multivalence. The presence of ruthenium in the dendrimer structure enhances their successful use in anti-cancer therapy. In this paper, the activity of dendrimers of generation 1 and 2 against 1301 cells was evaluated using Transmission Electron Microscopy, comet assay and Real Time PCR techniques. Additionally, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes of mitochondrial potential values were assessed. The results of the present study show that ruthenium dendrimers significantly decrease the viability of leukemia cells (1301) but show low toxicity to non-cancer cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells—PBMCs). The in vitro test results indicate that the dendrimers injure the 1301 leukemia cells via the apoptosis pathway.

Influence of Cucurbiturils on the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by T- and B-Lymphocytes, Platelets and Red Blood Cells

“…Unfortunately, we found no significant differences between control and cucurbiturils in ROS production by tumor cell lines 1301 and K562 ( Figure 4 ). However, it is known that other polymeric nanoparticles such as dendrimers can cause changes ROS levels in the 1301 cells and liposomes in the K562 tumor cells [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Hybrid Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications

“…This system is noteworthy for its uptake mechanism in which the dendrimer is cleaved and taken into the cell while the inorganic core remains outside . Alternatively, ruthenium-modified carbosilane dendrimers exhibit low toxicity to noncancerous cells while inhibiting leukemia cell viability . Membrane-coated inorganics show potential as DDSs as well.…”

“…250 Alternatively, ruthenium-modified carbosilane dendrimers exhibit low toxicity to noncancerous cells while inhibiting leukemia cell viability. 251 Membrane-coated inorganics show potential as DDSs as well. MSC and RBC membranes have been used to encapsulate MOFs for targeted protein delivery, 252 while DOX has been delivered via AuNCs encapsulated within 4T1 breast cancer cell membranes, 175 and therapeutic antibodies have been delivered with platelet membrane-coated IONPs.…”

Broad-Spectrum Theranostics and Biomedical Application of Functionalized Nanomaterials

“…Carbosilane dendrimers are widely used as carriers of drugs and genes due to their monodispersity, stability, and multivalence characteristics. However, the synthesis of ruthenium carbolsilane dendrimers showed increased anticancer efficiency by decreasing the viability of leukemia cells with less toxicity toless malignant cells (PBMC) and induced cancer cell death via stimulating the apoptotic pathway, suggesting that in comparison with carbosilane dendrimers, ruthenium carbosilane dendrimers could enhance the survival of cancer patients through their anti-cancer potential [ 48 ]. The dendrimerPAMAM, coupled to either 6′-sialyllactose (6SL) or 3′-sialyllactose (3SL), effectively exerted an antiviral effect by inhibiting the influenza virus, suggesting that it could be effectively used as an influenza virus inhibitorin the near future [ 49 ].…”