Cytotoxic Effects of Trifolium pratense, Baptisia australis, and Rubus idaeus Extracts on CHO-K1 Cells

Abstract

The cytotoxic effects of red clover, blue false indigo, and red raspberry plant extracts were evaluated on CHO-K1 cells. The hormone-dependent CHO-K1 cells are ovarian cells derived from Chinese hamsters. Trifolium pratense (red clover) extracts were obtained from the blossoms and leaves of the red clover plant. Baptisia australis (blue false indigo) extracts were obtained from the roots, stems, and leaves of the blue false indigo plant. Rubus idaeus (red raspberry) extracts were prepared from the fruits of the red raspberry plant. Two methods, soxhlet and microwave assisted extractions, were utilized and evaluated for their effectiveness in producing phyto extracts. Methanol was the solvent used in both methods. In all experiments, the CHO-K1 cell line was exposed to the different extracts for a period of 48 hours. An MTS assay was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the cytotoxic capabilities of each extract at different concentrations on the CHO-K1 cell line. After the collection of all the data, the 1:1 combination of red clover and red raspberry extracts, obtained via soxhlet extraction, yielded the most potent cytotoxic effects on the CHO-K1 cell line.

Polyphenols in Agricultural Grassland Crops and Their Health-Promoting Activities—A Review

“…A significant decrease in serum level E2-a known stimulus for breast cancer proliferation-and an increase in serum level IL-12 and IFN-γ were reported [54]. Furthermore, T. pratense exhibited cytotoxic effects against ovarian cells derived from Chinese hamsters (CHO-K1) at concentrations of 100 µg/mL when extracted under microwave-assisted conditions [55]. Collectively, an array of beneficial outcomes exist that relate to anti-cancerous properties associated within plants of grassland origin.…”

“…Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of natural origin phytochemicals such as polyphenols (example: catechins, naringenin, quercetin, resveratrol and chlorogenic acids) [8], but are not available at the biomass levels that plant sources, such as those of grassland origin are. Therefore some researchers have investigated the potential chemo-protective and glucose-lowering action of grassland species as natural, cost-effective and accessible means of mitigating the risk of diseases such as cancer and diabetes, respectively [53][54][55][56][57].…”