Cytotoxic Effects of Water-Soluble Extracts of Coarse and Fine Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Mast Cell Lines

Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution causes serious health disorders, because PM 2.5 becomes deposited in the tracheobronchial and alveoli regions. In the extrathoracic region, there are more deposits of coarse particulate matter than fine particulates. As adverse health issues caused by coarse particulates have not been well investigated, this study examined the cytotoxicity of water-soluble extracts of both fine (0.05-3 µm, PM 0.05-3 ) and coarse (> 3 µm, PM >3 ) particulates collected from April 2016 to March 2019 in Fukuoka, Japan. Also evaluated were concentrations of NH 4 and SO 4 2 , multi-components of well-known secondary generation substances. The findings revealed that PM >3 showed stronger cytotoxic effects on mast cell lines than PM 0.05-3 . Cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations of over 15 mM of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and over 30 mM of NH 4 Cl. In contrast, Na 2 SO 4 caused few cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 50 mM. The causative substances for this cytotoxicity may not have been NH 4 and SO 4 2 because their PM >3 concentrations indicating the largest cytotoxic effects were 1 and 0.4 mM, respectively. The cytotoxicities of PM >3 and PM 0.05-3 were the highest in the first half of FY2016. These cytotoxicities seem to be due to cross-border pollution, although this pollution has been declining in recent years. An increasing trend of cytotoxicity was observed in the second half of FY2018. This study showed that cytotoxicity and particulate concentrations are not always correlated. Thus, we should focus not only on the quantity of atmospheric particulate matter, but also on its quality.

Preventative Effects of Antioxidants against PM10 on Serum IgE Concentration, Mast Cell Counts, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Keratinocyte Differentiation Markers in DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model

“…Jin et al [ 38 ] suggested that PM may affect mast cell activation in a study using bone-marrow-derived mast cells. Kataoka et al [ 39 ] investigated the cytotoxic effects of water-soluble extracts of coarse and fine atmospheric PM on mast cell lines. Wang et al reported that PM 2.5 promotes the IgE-mediated mast cell activation of ROS [ 40 ].…”

Effects of Coarse and Fine Atmospheric Particulate Matter on a Mast Cell Line

“…大気中に浮遊する粒径が 2.5 µm 以下の粒子は， 呼吸器の奥深く肺胞まで到達し，血中への移行を 通じた重篤な健康被害をもたらす．例えば，慢 性 閉 塞 性 肺 疾 患(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD) 1) などの呼吸器系，院外心原性心停止 (out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: OHCA) 2,3) などの循環 器系及びアレルギー性鼻炎 4) などの免疫系，更に肺 がん 5) のような発がん性など多くの健康影響 [6][7][8] が 報告されている．大気粒子状物質は，発生源から直 接排出される一次粒子［有機炭素(有機化合物) ，元 素状炭素，無機元素(金属)など］と排出時にはガ ス状物質であるが，それらの化学反応により粒子化 される二次生成粒子(硫酸塩，硝酸塩，アンモニウ ム塩，低分子有機酸 9) など)が知られている． [10][11][12] 浮 遊 粒 子 状 物 質(suspended particulate matter: 18,19) その結果，硫酸アンモニウム は，細胞障害性を誘発し， 18) また，細胞障害を引き 起こさない条件で C57 細胞の脱顆粒を誘発，又は thapsigargin の刺激による脱顆粒反応を増強するこ とを報告した． 19) さらに，それらに影響するイオン は，硫酸アンモニウムの構成成分のうち，硫酸イオ ンではなくアンモニウムイオンであることを明らか にした． 18,19) ついで，われわれは中国大陸から PM 2. の培養条件を一部改良して行った．すなわち， ( 1)…”

Connecting the Dots in Emerging Mast Cell Research: Do Factors Affecting Mast Cell Activation Provide a Missing Link between Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes and the Social Determinants of Health?

“…A mouse model demonstrates that fine particulate matter facilitates IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and increased cytokine expression [42]. Investigating the cytotoxic effects of water-soluble extracts from fine and coarse particulate matter on mast cell lines, others show that both quantity and quality of particulate are implicated in severe tracheobronchial and alveolar illness [43].…”