Cytotoxicity Enhancement in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells with Depolymerized Chitosan Delivery of α-Mangostin

Abstract

The application of α-mangostin (AMG) in breast cancer research has wide intentions. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNPs) have attractive prospects for developing anticancer drugs, especially in their high flexibility for modification to enhance their anticancer action. This research aimed to study the impact of depolymerized chitosan (CS) on the cytotoxicity enhancement of AMG in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. CSNPs effectivity depends on size, shape, crystallinity degree, and charge surface. Modifying CS molecular weight (MW) is expected to influence CSNPs’ characteristics, impacting size, shape, crystallinity degree, and charge surface. CSNPs are developed using the method of ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinker and spray pyrolysis procedure. Nanoparticles’ (NPs) sizes vary from 205.3 ± 81 nm to 450.9 ± 235 nm, ZP charges range from +10.56 mV to +51.56 mV, and entrapment efficiency from 85.35% to 90.45%. The morphology of NPs are all the same spherical forms. In vitro release studies confirmed that AMG–Chitosan–High Molecular Weight (AMG–CS–HMW) and AMG–Chitosan–Low Molecular Weight (AMG–CS–LMW) had a sustained-release system profile. MW has a great influence on surface, drug release, and cytotoxicity enhancement of AMG in CSNPs to MCF-7 cancer cells. The preparations AMG–CS–HMW and AMG–CS–LMW NPs considerably enhanced the cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 5.90 ± 0.08 µg/mL and 4.90 ± 0.16 µg/mL, respectively, as compared with the non-nano particle formulation with an IC50 of 8.47 ± 0.29 µg/mL. These findings suggest that CSNPs can enhance the physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity of AMG in breast cancer treatment.

Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Active Targeted Carrier of Alpha Mangostin for Breast Cancer Cells

“…This research succeeded in developing a targeted delivery system of hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of alpha mangostin for breast cancer. Our findings showed that alpha mangostin loaded in our delivery system had a significant impact on MCF-7 cancer cells at a lower dose (IC 50 4.37 μg/mL) compared to free alpha mangostin (IC 50 5.27 μg/mL) or nanoparticles of alpha mangostin with chitosan carriers without a hyaluronic acid coating (IC 50 4.48 μg/mL, IC 50 6.7 μg/mL [ 27 ], IC 50 4.90 μg/mL [ 91 ]). The most conclusive findings of this study indicated that the developed alpha mangostin targeted nanoparticle delivery system can be used as an effective treatment for breast cancer by specifically targeting cancer cells.…”

Preparation of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides by oxidative hydrolysis of chitosan powder with hydrogen peroxide

“…The amount of water-soluble COS in the studied samples was determined according to the method of Herdiana et al [ 25 ]: the mixture of CS/H 2 O 2 solution was filtered on a quantitative filter paper with a pore size of 2 μm to collect the insoluble part of CS and dried to constant weight (m). The amount of COS dissolved in water (S) was calculated according to the following Formula (1) : …”

Chitosan-Based Nano-Smart Drug Delivery System in Breast Cancer Therapy

“…For example, drugs can be encapsulated within the chitosan matrix, loaded onto the surface of the nanoparticles, or attached to the surface of the nanoparticles via chemical linkers. The release rate of the drugs can be controlled by varying the size and charge of the nanoparticles or modifying the chitosan matrix with different chemical groups [ 68 , 91 , 92 ].…”