Cytotoxicity of organic surface coating agents used for nanoparticles synthesis and stability

Abstract

Impact on health by nanomaterials has become a public concern with the great advances of nanomaterials for various applications. Surface coating agents are an integral part of nanoparticles, but not enough attention has been paid during toxicity tests of nanoparticles. As a result, there are inconsistent toxicity results for certain nanomaterials. In this study, we explore the cytotoxicity of eleven commonly used surface coating agents in two cell lines, human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) and lung fibroblast (CRL-1490) cells, at surface coating agent concentrations of 3, 10, 30, and 100 μM. Two exposure time points, 2 h and 24 h, were employed for the study. Six of the eleven surface coating agents are cytotoxic, especially those surfactants with long aliphatic chains, both cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, oleylamine, tetraoctylammonium bromide, and hexadecylamine) and anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate). In addition, exposure time and the use of different cell lines also affect the cytotoxicity results. Therefore, factors such as cell lines used and exposure times must be considered when conducting toxicity tests or comparing cytotoxicity results.

Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Gold (I) and (III) Ions and Gold Nanoparticles

“…On the other hand, test of biological effects of nanoparticles, due to the fact that nanoparticles in solution are often a chemical mixture [ 26 ], careful controls and purifications must be carried out. Our results demonstrate that the antibacterial effect of AuNPs is strongly dependent on the number of centrifugations to remove excess Au(III), the use of buffers, the exposure time, the type of bacteria and test method.…”

“…Cells were cultured in a humidified incubator with 5% CO 2 at 37°C. After the cells grew to confluence, they were detached by 25% trypsin/DTA and diluted to 3×10 5 cells/mL by their respective complete media as reported before [ 26 ]. A 200 µL cell suspension in complete medium was added to each well of a 96-well plate and incubated under 5% CO 2 at 37°C for 24 h for cell adhesion.…”

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles performing as biogenic SERS-nanotags for investigation of C26 colon carcinoma cells

“…There are several examples in the literature where SERS-encoded AgNPS were successfully explored for probing and imaging of cancer cells [14][15][16]. However, most of the fabrication methods involve the use of chemical agents and surfactants which pose potential risks for human health and make the prepared SERS nanotags unsuitable for applications in biological systems [17,18]. This, in turn requires complicate and time-consuming post-fabrication processes to reduce the toxicity of SERS-encoded AgNPS.…”

Oleylamine‐induced pustular irritant contact dermatitis

“…Oleylamine, an organic compound with the formula C 18 H 35 NH 2 , is an unsaturated fatty amine associated with oleic acid. It is mainly used as a surfactant or precursor to surfactants and is known to be cytotoxic and to cause skin corrosion . Pustular contact dermatitis is a rare form of contact dermatitis, with merbromin, fluorine, dexpanthenol, croton oil, and minoxidil being reported as likely causes .…”

“…It is mainly used as a surfactant or precursor to surfactants and is known to be cytotoxic and to cause skin corrosion. 1 Pustular contact dermatitis is a rare form of contact dermatitis, with merbromin, fluorine, dexpanthenol, croton oil, and minoxidil being reported as likely causes. [2][3][4][5] However, to the F I G U R E 1 Multiple, 0.3-0.5-cmsized, yellowish pustules on the face and neck (A,B: initial; C,D: 1 month later) best of our knowledge, there is no report of pustular contact dermatitis induced by oleylamine exposure in the literature.…”