Cytotoxicity of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) against Cervical HeLa Cancer Cells

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is the cancer with highest prevalence and the leading cause of women death in Indonesia. Current treatments available for cervical cancer are chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and nuclear therapy. Unfortunately, these treatments still have several limitations due to serious side effects, development of resistance, and very expensive price. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective and low-cost therapy to treat cervical cancer. One of which is by utilizing natural sources available in Indonesia such as soursop (Annona muricata) leaves which has been used in folk medicine as a treatment for various diseases, including cancer. However, studies about its cytotoxicity against cervical cancer in Indonesia are still limited. Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze the potency of A.muricataleaves extracts originated from Indonesia as a novel alternative treatment for cervical cancer. Materials and method: A.muricata leaves obtained from Serpong, West Java, Indonesia were grounded and macerated in three different solvents with various polarity, namely ethanol (polar solvent), ethyl acetate (semipolar solvent) and hexane (non-polar solvent). Subsequently, the extracts were diluted into 8 various concentrations. Cytotoxicity of A.muricataleaves extracts against HeLa cervical cancer cells were determined by MTT assay and expressed by IC 50 value. Results: The results showed that three extracts of A.muricata have strong cytotoxicity against cervical HeLa cells. The highest cytotoxic activity was shown by etanol extract with an IC 50 of 35.51 µg/mL, followed by ethyl acetate (IC 50 : 5.91 µg/mL), and hexane (IC 50 : 8.39 µg/mL). Conclusion: A.muricata leaves extracts are potential to be developed as a novel alternative therapy for cervical cancer.

Cytotoxic test of different solvents of soursop (Annona muricata) leaf extract against HSC-3 cell line

“…22 In addition, previous studies also showed an increase in the percentage of inhibition in the three fractions along with an increase in the concentration of A. muricata. 12 However, the results of the ethanol fraction in this study were different. The percentage of inhibition of the ethanol fraction of A. muricata at a concentration of 100 µg/mL was 57.64% and then decreased with increasing concentration.…”

“…In previous studies on the cytotoxicity of A. muricata, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions against HeLa cell lines proved that the three fractions were strongly cytotoxic, with IC 50 in the ethanol fraction of 5.91 µg/mL, in the ethyl acetate fraction of 7.56 µg/mL and in the hexane fraction of 8.39 µg/mL. 12 The three values of IC 50 in this study are close to the IC 50 value of the positive control, namely Cisplatin (IC 50 value: 1.78 µg/mL). Cisplatin is one of the well-known chemotherapy drugs and has been used in the treatment of various cancers, one of which is head and neck cancer.…”

“…8 A previous study by Qorina et al shows that ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions of A. muricata extract have high cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells and have an IC 50 value of under 20 µg/mL. 12 The results of the phytochemical tests that have been carried out in the study show that saponin and tannin compounds are present in the ethanol fraction, alkaloid and flavonoid compounds are in the ethyl acetate fraction and triterpenoid and steroid compounds are in the hexane fraction. This may have been caused by the different polarities of the solvents used.…”

“…10,11 A previous study showed the cytotoxic activity of A. muricata leaf extract with ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions against cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines at concentrations of 1.5 µg/mL, 3.125 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL. 12 The leaves of the A. muricata have been investigated extensively for their diverse pharmacological applications and were found to be superior for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Soursop as an anticancer treatment is becoming increasingly popular, so it has been reported ethnobotanically regarding its possible selective cytotoxic activity.…”

Chemical Composition, Antiaging Activities and Molecular Docking Studies of Essential Oils from Acca sellowiana (Feijoa)

“…The ASL and ASS oils showed IC 50 values of 190±10.70 and 339±19.00 μg/mL, respectively. The American National Cancer Institute guidelines state that extracts or compounds with IC 50 value <20 μg/mL are recorded as cytotoxic active agents [39] . Accordingly, both essential oils displayed very weak cytotoxic effects on test cell lines and are safe for human use.…”