D-amphetamine challenge effects on Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Performance in schizotypal personality disorder

Siegel, Benjamin V.; Trestman, Robert L.; O'Flaithbheartaigh, Séamus; Mitropoulou, Vivian; Amin, Farooq; Kirrane, Richelle; Silverman, Jeremy M.; Schmeidler, James; Keefe, Richard S.E.; Siever, Larry J.

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(95)00002-x

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Preclinical studies show that moderate doses of amphetamine mainly activate D1 receptors (Ferger et al 1994). In a previous study from our center, amphetamine improved WCST performance in SPD patients (Siegel et al 1996) [three of whom (one SPD patient) are included in this report] . Working memory is one component of the WCST, in that performance of a test of verbal working memory (the Letter-Number span Test) accounts for the differences between normal and schizophrenic patients on the WCST (Gold et al 1997).…”

Section: Our Objective Was To Determine If Amphetamine Improves Visuomentioning

confidence: 86%

“…SPD patients are less susceptible to psychosis, less severely ill, and less likely to have received antipsychotic medication and to have been institutionalized than patients with chronic schizophrenia. Cognitive impairment in SPD is less severe (Trestman et al 1995) and may be more easily reversible (Siegel et al 1996). Thus, these patients provide a unique population in which to evaluate new pharmacologic strategies aimed at improving cognition.…”

Section: Our Objective Was To Determine If Amphetamine Improves Visuomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Amphetamine on Visuospatial Working Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Personality Disorder

Kirrane

Mitropoulou

Nunn

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Section: Our Objective Was To Determine If Amphetamine Improves Visuomentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Our Objective Was To Determine If Amphetamine Improves Visuomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Amphetamine on Visuospatial Working Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Personality Disorder

Kirrane

Mitropoulou

Nunn

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, accumulated evidence for intact compensatory and/or protective brain mechanisms against full-blown psychosis has recently be discussed (Siever and Davis, 2004). Moreover, Siegel et al (1996) showed that DA agonistic treatment in schizotypal personality disorder reduced perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Wuebben and Winterer (2001) found frontally pronounced resting EEG activity in patients with schizophrenia but not healthy schizotypal participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Möhr

Landis

Sándor

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Stereotyped behavior and left-sided orientation biases, associated with the dopamine (DA) system, were observed in populations of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We investigated whether heightened DA concentrations influence both side biases and stereotyped responding in a visuo-motor computer task, in which 90, 180, and 2701 rotated objects had to be brought into a target position. To account for the role of the schizophrenia spectrum, task performance was also analyzed as a function of healthy participants' high or low magical ideation (MI), a positive schizotypal feature. The first 36 participants (20 women) remained substance free. In a second sample, 20 men received levodopa and 20 men a placebo in a double-blind procedure. Results showed that high MI scorers responded more stereotyped than low MI scorers, without being specifically biased towards the left side. Rotation preferences toward one or the other side made high MI scorers less flexible for objects efficiently to be rotated into the opposite direction. This inflexibility may reflect impaired left hemisphere functioning. Unexpectedly, in the levodopa group, high MI scorers performed superior to low MI scorers. Since DA actions appear to follow an inverted U-shape function, the 'low' performing high MI scorers profited from the enhanced DA availability. Our observation in the levodopa group points to a dissociation between schizotypy and schizophrenia: while cognitive improvement in schizophrenia can occur after treatment with atypical neuroleptic agents, in our positive schizotypal participants a DA agonist resulted in improved task performance. This dissociation may point to protective neurochemical mechanisms preventing healthy schizotypes from developing full-blown psychotic symptoms.

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“…To measure implicit procedural learning a computerized version of the rotor pursuit task was used. This test is based on the classical rotary pursuit task (Ammons, 1951;Siegel et al, 1996). It is a continuous motor task.…”

Section: Assessment Of Motor Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of the Ampakine Farampator on Memory and Information Processing in Healthy Elderly Volunteers

Wezenberg

Verkes

Ruigt³

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Ampakines act as positive allosteric modulators of AMPA-type glutamate receptors and facilitate hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a mechanism associated with memory storage and consolidation. The present study investigated the acute effects of farampator, 1-(benzofurazan-5-ylcarbonyl) piperidine, on memory and information processes in healthy elderly volunteers. A double-blind, placebocontrolled, randomized, cross-over study was performed in 16 healthy, elderly volunteers (eight male, eight female; mean age 66.1, SD 4.5 years). All subjects received farampator (500 mg) and placebo. Testing took place 1 h after drug intake, which was around T max for farampator. Subjects performed tasks assessing episodic memory (wordlist learning and picture memory), working and short-term memory (N-back, symbol recall) and motor learning (maze task, pursuit rotor). Information processing was assessed with a tangled lines task, the symbol digit substitution test (SDST) and the continuous trail making test (CTMT). Farampator (500 mg) unequivocally improved short-term memory but appeared to impair episodic memory. Furthermore, it tended to decrease the number of switching errors in the CTMT. Drug-induced side effects (SEs) included headache, somnolence and nausea. Subjects with SEs had significantly higher plasma levels of farampator than subjects without SEs. Additional analyses revealed that in the farampator condition the group without SEs showed a significantly superior memory performance relative to the group with SEs. The positive results on short-term memory and the favorable trends in the trail making test (CTMT) are interesting in view of the development of ampakines in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.

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D-amphetamine challenge effects on Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Performance in schizotypal personality disorder

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Amphetamine on Visuospatial Working Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Personality Disorder

Effects of Amphetamine on Visuospatial Working Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Personality Disorder

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Acute Effects of the Ampakine Farampator on Memory and Information Processing in Healthy Elderly Volunteers

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