D<scp>IETARY</scp> F<scp>LAVONOIDS</scp>: Bioavailability, Metabolic Effects, and Safety

Ross, Julie A.; Kasum, Christine M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957

Cited by 1,959 publications

(1,295 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Morin is ubiquitous in vegetables, berries and fruits (Ross and Kasum, 2002) and its antioxidant properties have also been described elsewhere (Kok et al, 2000).…”

Section: Moderate But Not Severe Ampa-receptor Mediated Oligodendrocymentioning

confidence: 95%

Differential oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons after excitotoxic insults and protection by natural polyphenols

Ibarretxe

Sánchez‐Gómez

Campos-Esparza

et al. 2005

Glia

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Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to overactivation of both their AMPA receptors and their high-and low-affinity kainate receptors. Depending on the intensity of the insult and the type of receptor activated, excitotoxic oligodendrocyte death mediated by these receptors has different characteristics. One important consequence at a cellular level is the ensuing oxidative stress, related to Ca 21 -dependent alterations in mitochondrial functioning. We observed that oxidative stress associated with selective AMPA receptor activation is much higher than that associated with the selective activation of high-and low-affinity kainate receptors. Moreover, excitotoxic insults generate more intense oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes than in cortical neurons, though similar alterations in [Ca 21 ] i and mitochondrial potential were observed in both cell types. Nanomolar concentrations of mangiferin and morin, two natural polyphenols with antioxidant properties, partially protect oligodendrocytes as well as cortical neurons from mild, but not intense, insults mediated by AMPA receptors. In addition to presenting oxygen radical scavenging activity, mangiferin and morin attenuate the intracellular Ca 21 overload subsequent to the activation of AMPA receptors, a mechanism that may contribute to their protective properties. The inclusion of these antioxidant agents in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases in which oligodendrocyte as well as neuron loss occurs may prove to be beneficial.

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“…Morin is ubiquitous in vegetables, berries and fruits (Ross and Kasum, 2002) and its antioxidant properties have also been described elsewhere (Kok et al, 2000).…”

Section: Moderate But Not Severe Ampa-receptor Mediated Oligodendrocymentioning

confidence: 95%

Differential oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons after excitotoxic insults and protection by natural polyphenols

Ibarretxe

Sánchez‐Gómez

Campos-Esparza

et al. 2005

Glia

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“…Isoflavones (ISF) are a subclass of flavonoids, which are a broad group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in foods of plant origin (Havsteen, 2002). Biological effects attributed to flavonoids include antiestrogenic effect, antioxidant properties and antiproliferative action (Harborne and Baxter, 1999;Middleton et al, 2000;Ross and Kasum, 2002). The three main ISF derivatives are daidzein, genistein and glycitein, which are found predominantly in soy and other legume crops (Setchell, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved performance and immunological responses as the result of dietary genistein supplementation of broiler chicks

Rasouli

Jahanian

2015

Animal

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of supplemental genistein (an isoflavonoid) on performance, lymphoid organs' development, and cellular and humoral immune responses in broiler chicks. A total of 675-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to the five replicate pens (15 chicks each) of nine experimental diets. Dietary treatments included a negative (not-supplemented) control diet, two positive control groups (virginiamycin or zinc-bacitracin, 20 mg/kg), and diets containing 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg of genistein. The cutaneous basophil hypersensivity (CBH) test was measured at day 10 of age after toe web injection with phytohemagglutinin-P. In addition, sera samples were collected after different antigen inoculations to investigate antibody responses. At day 28 of age, three randomly selected birds from each pen were euthanized to evaluate the relative weights of lymphoid organs. Results showed that dietary supplementation of both antibiotics increased ( P < 0.01) feed intake during 1 to 42 days of age. Furthermore, daily weight gain was influenced ( P < 0.01) by dietary treatments throughout the trial, so that the birds fed on antibiotics and 20 to 80 mg/kg genistein diets revealed the greater weight gains compared with other experimental groups. The best ( P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio assigned to the birds fed on diets containing antibiotics and moderate levels (40 to 80 mg/kg) of genistein. Although the relative weights of thymus ( P < 0.05) and bursa of Fabricius ( P < 0.01) were greater in birds fed on genistein-supplemented diets compared with antibiotics-supplemented birds, the spleen weight was not affected by experimental diets. Similarly, CBH response and antibody titers against Newcastle and infectious bronchitis disease viruses were markedly ( P < 0.05) greater in chicks fed on diets supplemented with 20 to 80 mg/kg of genistein. Interestingly, the higher dosages of genistein suppressed CBH and antibody responses to the levels seen by control and antibiotics chicks. Dietary inclusion of genistein increased ( P < 0.05) lymphocytes and subsequently reduced ( P < 0.01) heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. The present findings indicate that dietary genistein supplementation at the levels of 20 to 80 mg/kg not only improves growth performance, but also could beneficially affect immunological responses in broiler chicks.Keywords: broiler chicks, genistein, humoral immunity, isoflavonoids, leukocyte subpopulations ImplicationsComparative effects of two antibiotics (virginiamycin or zincbacitracin) and supplemental genistein were assessed in broiler chicks. Results showed that the birds fed on diets containing antibiotics and 20 to 80 mg/kg of genistein had the greater weight gains. Dietary genistein supplementation increased the relative weights of thymus and bursa of Fabricius. In addition, antibody responses against viral antigens were greater in genistein-supplemented chicks compared with those on antibiotics diets. Dietary inclusion of genistein increased lymp...

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“…Flavonoids display a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities (Ross and Kasum 2002). Certain flavonoids are known to act as anti-cancer reagents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genistein-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest of human intestinal colon cancer Caco-2 cells is associated with Cyclin B1 and Chk2 down-regulation

2013

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Genistein is an isoflavonic phyto-oestrogen contained in soya beans. It is thought to display anti-cancer effects. This study was designed to investigate its effect on human intestinal colon cancer Caco-2 cells. MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis and western blotting were used to investigate the effect of genistein on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and protein alterations of selected cell cycle-related proteins in Caco-2 cells. Our results showed that genistein and daidzein significantly suppressed cell proliferation. Genistein treatment was demonstrated to modulate cell cycle distribution through accumulation of cells at G2/M phase, with a significant decreasing effect of Cyclin B1 and Serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (Chk2) proteins expression. However, daidzein did not alter the cell cycle progression in Caco-2 cells. All these observation strongly indicate that genistein has anti-proliferative effect in human intestinal colon cancer Caco-2 cells through the downregulation of cell cycle check point proteins, Cyclin B1 and Chk2.

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DIETARY FLAVONOIDS: Bioavailability, Metabolic Effects, and Safety

Cited by 1,959 publications

References 57 publications

Differential oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons after excitotoxic insults and protection by natural polyphenols

Differential oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons after excitotoxic insults and protection by natural polyphenols

Improved performance and immunological responses as the result of dietary genistein supplementation of broiler chicks

Genistein-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest of human intestinal colon cancer Caco-2 cells is associated with Cyclin B1 and Chk2 down-regulation

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