D‑Tagatose inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus�mutans

Abstract

Dental caries is an important global health concern and Streptococcus mutans has been established as a major cariogenic bacterial species. Reports indicate that a rare sugar, D-tagatose, is not easily catabolized by pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of D-tagatose on the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans GS-5 were examined. Monitoring S. mutans growth over a 24 h period revealed that D-tagatose prolonged the lag phase without interfering with the final cell yield. This growth retardation was also observed in the presence of 1% sucrose, although it was abolished by the addition of D-fructose. S. mutans biofilm formation was significantly inhibited by growth in sucrose media supplemented with 1 and 4% D-tagatose compared with that in a culture containing sucrose alone, while S. mutans formed granular biofilms in the presence of this rare sugar. The inhibitory effect of D-tagatose on S. mutans biofilm formation was significantly more evident than that of xylitol. Growth in sucrose media supplemented with D-tagatose significantly decreased the expression of glucosyltransferase, exo-β-fructosidase and D-fructose-specific phosphotransferase genes but not the expression of fructosyltransferase compared with the culture containing sucrose only. The activity of cell-associated glucosyltransferase in S. mutans was inhibited by 4% D-tagatose. These results indicate that D-tagatose reduces water-insoluble glucan production from sucrose by inhibiting glucosyltransferase activities, which limits access to the free D-fructose released during this process and retards the growth of S. mutans. Therefore, foods and oral care products containing D-tagatose are anticipated to reduce the risk of caries by inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation.

The Rare Sugar Tagatose Differentially Inhibits the Growth of Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora cinnamomi by Interfering With Mitochondrial Processes

“…Tagatose is a rare sugar that can be metabolized by only certain microbial taxa (Raichand et al, 2012;Martinussen et al, 2013;Van Der Heiden et al, 2013;Wu and Shah, 2017) and inhibits some important crop pathogens, P. infestans included (Ohara et al, 2008). Nutritional and anti-nutritional effects of tagatose have been shown on human-associated microorganisms (Van Der Heiden et al, 2013;Lobete et al, 2017;Wu and Shah, 2017;Hasibul et al, 2018) and plant-associated microorganisms (Komon-Zelazowska et al, 2007;Izumori et al, 2008;Ohara et al, 2008;Hayer et al, 2013;Perazzolli et al, 2020). We showed that tagatose inhibited the growth of P. infestans, but it had only slight effects on P. cinnamomi, with a species-specific impact on the mitochondrial processes.…”

“…and Lactobacillus spp. (Bertelsen et al, 1999;Vastenavond et al, 2011;Hasibul et al, 2018). On the other hand, tagatose inhibits the growth of human pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutants and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Lobete et al, 2017;Hasibul et al, 2018).…”

“…(Bertelsen et al, 1999;Vastenavond et al, 2011;Hasibul et al, 2018). On the other hand, tagatose inhibits the growth of human pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutants and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Lobete et al, 2017;Hasibul et al, 2018). Likewise, tagatose is not catabolized by some human pathogens, such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica (Bautista et al, 2000), indicating its nutritional or antinutritional effects on specific microbial taxa.…”

Antimicrobial properties of hydrophobic compounds in garlic: Allicin, vinyldithiin, ajoene and diallyl polysulfides (Review)

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that sulfur-containing compounds derived from garlic, such as diallyl disulfide (DAS 2 ) and ajoene, inhibit biofilm formation and the QS of bacteria, even though the antimicrobial activities of these compounds are lower than those in medical antibiotics used in clinical settings (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Furthermore, Slachmuylders et al and others have demonstrated that some natural products, which exert an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation, have antibiotic-potentiating activity (17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans plaque biofilm in vitro

“…Plaque bio¯lm is composed of cells and extracellular matrix composing of proteins and extracellular polysaccharides, which enhances the adhesion and cohesion of the bio¯lm, protects the attached bacteria, and promotes the local Pondus Hydrogenii (PH) reduction to form an acidic environment. 1,2 In clinical methods, in addition to physical removal of bio¯lms, chemical methods to kill bacteria in bio¯lms have been the focus of people's research. General methods include the use of antibiotics and chemical oxidants, but both have their drawbacks.…”