Dacarbazine

Al-Badr, Abdullah A.; Alodhaib, Mansour M.

doi:10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.12.002

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Dose reductions are not required in patients with mild to moderate renal or hepatic insufficiency. However, elimination of dacarbazine is prolonged in patients with combined renal and hepatic dysfunction, and it should therefore be used with caution in this context [29,32] .…”

Section: Dacarbazinementioning

confidence: 99%

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ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Systemic Therapy - Chemotherapy

et al. 2017

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Systemic chemotherapy is indicated in progressive or bulky advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and in grade 3 (G3) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) as per ENETS guidelines. Chemotherapy may be considered in NETs of other sites (lung, thymus, stomach, colon, and rectum) under certain conditions (e.g., when Ki-67 is at a high level [upper G2 range], in rapidly progressive disease and/or after failure of other therapies, or if somatostatin receptor imaging is negative). An ENETS Consensus Conference was held in Antibes (2015) to elaborate guidelines on the standards of care of different diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions in NENs. This article provides guidance on chemotherapy including therapeutic indications, dosing schedules, adverse events (including prevention and management), drug interactions, and evaluation of treatment effect for the chemotherapy agents most commonly used in NENs (streptozocin, dacarbazine, fluoropyrimidines, platinum compounds, etoposide, and irinotecan).

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Section: Dacarbazinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other less common AEs (occurring in 1-10% of patients) are alopecia, anorexia, taste disturbances (metallic taste), flulike syndrome, photosensitivity, and rash. Liver and renal toxicities are rare [29,32] .…”

Section: Dacarbazinementioning

confidence: 99%

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Systemic Therapy - Chemotherapy

et al. 2017

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“…Mice (n = 5/age/treatment/time point) were weighed prior to intravenous tail vein injection with 130 mg/kg of dacarbazine (Sigma-Aldrich), or saline vehicle control on day d0 and d7. The conversion of this dose regimen is relevant to humans 22 (for example a single cycle of ABVD usually includes 2 doses of 375 mg/m 2 dacarbazine, but other dacarbazine regimens vary) 13 and previous administration of 100–200 mg/kg dacarbazine was not reported to cause morbidity or mortality in mice 23 . Mice were not estrous cycle staged prior to treatment, although, following the second injection, estrous cycling was monitored by vaginal cytology for 14 consecutive days, as detailed previously 24 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dacarbazine is a non-classical alkylating agent, routinely administered as a single agent to treat malignancies common in women of reproductive age, including melanoma, sarcoma and neuroblastoma. Dacarbazine is also frequently used in combination with adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, and vinblastine (ABVD) for the treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma 13 . Dacarbazine impairs cell division by causing DNA double-strand breaks and is referred to as a non-classical alkylating agent because its activity requires processing in the liver by microsomal metabolism, yielding methylating intermediates 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dacarbazine depletes the ovarian reserve in mice and depletion is enhanced with age

Winship

Bakai

Sarma

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Dacarbazine is commonly administered for the treatment of cancers prevalent in reproductive age females. However, investigations of off-target effects of dacarbazine on the ovary are limited. We assessed the impact of dacarbazine on the ovarian reserve of primordial follicles, essential for fertility. Eight week and 6 month old C57BL/6 J mice were administered with dacarbazine or saline on day (d)0 and d7, then sacrificed after 12 hours (h), or 14d (n = 4–5/group). Follicle numbers, follicle density, serum AMH and corpora lutea were quantified and estrous cyclicity monitored. In reproductively young mice, dacarbazine did not affect primordial follicle numbers at 12 h, but resulted in a 36% reduction at 14d (p < 0.05). Dacarbazine-mediated primordial follicle depletion was accelerated with age, with a 24% (p < 0.05) and 36% (p < 0.01) reduction at 12 h and 14d. Follicle density remained unchanged between treatment groups at either age. Dacarbazine depleted antral follicles at 14d (p < 0.05), at both ages. Despite partial reduction of antral follicles, serum AMH, estrous cyclicity and corpora lutea (indicative of ovulation) remained unchanged between treatment groups, at both ages. Importantly, diminished ovarian reserve can result in premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility, thus, fertility preservation options should be considered for young female patients prior to dacarbazine treatment.

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“…Among these, dacarbazine and platinum compounds are alkylating agents still widely used in the first and second line treatments of various tumors. These agents are used for melanomas, Hodgkin's lymphomas, soft tissue sarcoma, NSCLC, carcinoma of the esophagus, carcinoma of the stomach, bladder cancer, genitourinary tumors, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, and carcinoma of the testis (Lokich, 2001 ; Al-Badr and Alodhaib, 2016 ).…”

Section: The Birth and Evolution Of Chemotherapy For The Treatment Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium

2018

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The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the first modern therapeutic approach in medical oncology. However, a real breakthrough took place after the Second World War, with the discovery of cytotoxic antitumor drugs and the birth of chemotherapy for the treatment of various hematological and solid tumors. Starting from this epochal turning point, there has been an exponential growth of studies concerning the use of new drugs for cancer treatment. The second fundamental breakthrough in the field of oncology and pharmacology took place at the beginning of the ‘80s, thanks to molecular and cellular biology studies that allowed the development of specific drugs for some molecular targets involved in neoplastic processes, giving rise to targeted therapy. Both chemotherapy and target therapy have significantly improved the survival and quality of life of cancer patients inducing sometimes complete tumor remission. Subsequently, at the turn of the third millennium, thanks to genetic engineering studies, there was a further advancement of clinical oncology and pharmacology with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced or metastatic tumors, for which no effective treatment was available before. Today, cancer research is always aimed at the study and development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Currently, several researchers are focused on the development of cell therapies, anti-tumor vaccines, and new biotechnological drugs that have already shown promising results in preclinical studies, therefore, in the near future, we will certainly assist to a new revolution in the field of medical oncology.

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Dacarbazine

Cited by 39 publications

References 47 publications

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Systemic Therapy - Chemotherapy

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Systemic Therapy - Chemotherapy

Dacarbazine depletes the ovarian reserve in mice and depletion is enhanced with age

Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium

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