Dağlik Karabağ Sorunu’nun Güvenli̇kleşti̇rme Teori̇si̇ Çerçevesi̇nde Anali̇zi̇

Abstract

ÖZET THE ANALYZING OF THE NAGORNO KARABAKH CONFLICT IN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITIZATION THEORY ABSTRACT The Nagorno Karabakh conflict, based on a long history, is one of the conflicts that has become a hot conflict in the old-Soviet territory following to the dissolution of the USSR. It is seen as a territorial conflict because of the war, erupted between Azerbaijan and Armenia due to control over the Nagorno Karabakh autonomous region, attached to Azerbaijan Republic. Therefore the focal point of all the solution proposals aimed at solving the problem has become land-sharing by now. However, these efforts have not resulted in a positive outcome because they have failed to notice the main reasons of the problem, and also the hot conflict between the parties has gained momentum again in recent years. So revealing of the main reasons of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict is crucial for finding a permanent solution to it. As we can see in Nagorno Karabakh example all the territorial based conflicts located in post-Soviet area depend on identity based discordance which was triggered by migration policy implemented by Russian Empire and USSR periods. At this pointSocial Security, which is one of the sub-sectors inside the securitization theory and examines the possible effects of the threats such as " immigration", "horizontal competition", "vertical competition" and "declining of the population" on reference objects as "identity", "religion" and "gender", is a practical tool for studying conflicts of post-Soviet area such as Nagorno Karabakh. Despite the main objective of the Securitization Theory is to solve the problem by negotiations in the normal political process (called as de-securitization), the poor analysis of fundamental threats, lying under the problem, caused the securitization of the problem consistently and this situation has prevented the opportunity of analyzing it in normal political process by negotiations.

Another perspective regarding the 2020 War in Karabakh: The relationship between a frozen conflict and securitization

“…3 It is seen in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict that identity, defined within the framework of Societal Security, 4 and one of the sub-sectors of the Securitization, plays a significant role, and that threats such as migration, horizontal competition, vertical competition, and depopulation are also present. 5 For this reason, Kurt (2017: 10–14) stated that all of the components necessary for the securitization of the issue are present.…”

“…Pointing out that desecuritization is an optimal long-term option, it is stated that as a result of desecuritization, solving an issue that is considered a “threat whose measure is taken” could be possible by moving it away from the threat-defense sequence. Thus, using the extraordinary measures demanded for the fight, due to the securitization of the issue, becomes invalid and paving the way for its resolution through negotiations in a usual political process (Buzan, 1998: 29 and Kurt, 2017: 5).…”

İklim Değişikliğinin Güvenlikleştirilmesine Suriye İç Savaşı Bağlamında Eleştirel Bir Bakış

“…Çevre konuları (su sorunları, iklim değişikliği vs.) bağlamında da Güvenlikleştirme Teorisi'nin sıklıkla kullanıldığını söyleyebiliriz (Floyd, 2008;Warner, 2004). Güvenlikleştirme Teorisi'nin birçok farklı konu başlığında (göç ve mülteciler meseleleri, devletlerarası uluslararası uyuşmazlıklar, su sorunları gibi) açıklayıcı bir kavramsal çerçeve olarak kullanıldığını görmekteyiz (Hill, 2015;Kurt, 2017;Şener, 2017).…”