Daily ration of Antarctic silverfish (&lt;i&gt;Pleuragramma antarcticum&lt;/i&gt; Boulenger, 1902) in the Eastern Weddell Sea

Olaso, Ignacio; Lombarte, Antoni; Velasco, Francisco

doi:10.3989/scimar.2004.68n3419

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Sea ice extent during winter also affects the abundance of prey for emperor penguins. Winters with extensive sea ice enhance krill abundance (18), and emperor penguins mainly feed on fish species that depend on krill and other crustaceans (19,20). In accordance with this, years with reduced sea ice extent coincide with reduced adult survival rates (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Demographic models and IPCC climate projections predict the decline of an emperor penguin population

Jenouvrier

Caswell

Barbraud

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

237

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Studies have reported important effects of recent climate change on Antarctic species, but there has been to our knowledge no attempt to explicitly link those results to forecasted population responses to climate change. Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) is projected to shrink as concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) increase, and emperor penguins ( Aptenodytes forsteri ) are extremely sensitive to these changes because they use sea ice as a breeding, foraging and molting habitat. We project emperor penguin population responses to future sea ice changes, using a stochastic population model that combines a unique long-term demographic dataset (1962–2005) from a colony in Terre Adélie, Antarctica and projections of SIE from General Circulation Models (GCM) of Earth's climate included in the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. We show that the increased frequency of warm events associated with projected decreases in SIE will reduce the population viability. The probability of quasi-extinction (a decline of 95% or more) is at least 36% by 2100. The median population size is projected to decline from ≈6,000 to ≈400 breeding pairs over this period. To avoid extinction, emperor penguins will have to adapt, migrate or change the timing of their growth stages. However, given the future projected increases in GHGs and its effect on Antarctic climate, evolution or migration seem unlikely for such long lived species at the remote southern end of the Earth.

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mentioning

confidence: 64%

Demographic models and IPCC climate projections predict the decline of an emperor penguin population

Jenouvrier

Caswell

Barbraud

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

237

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“…The pelagic prey were divided into nektonic prey, represented by organisms that move in the water column and which can actively escape from predators, and planktonic prey, which are organisms suspended in the water column. The feeding habits by species, expressed as function of the food categories described above, were compiled from scientific literature (Targett 1981; Moreno and Jara 1984;Williams 1985;Dewitt et al 1990;McKenna 1991;Pakhomov and Tseytlin 1992;McKenna 1993;Klingenberg and Ekau 1996;Iken et al 1997;Olaso et al 2004) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Food Classification and Feeding Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecomorphological trends and phylogenetic inertia of otolith sagittae in Nototheniidae

et al. 2010

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A quantitative ecomorphological study was carried out on the sagitta otoliths of Antarctic and Subantarctic nototheniids, a particularly interesting family due to its fast adaptive radiation into different life strategies. We analyzed the otolith shape and size of 18 nototheniids to test the relationship between phylogeny, otolith characters and trophic niche. Relative size (area, length, width, perimeter and weight) and shape (biometric warp analysis based on homologous and pseudo-homologous landmarks) measurements were compared with phylogenic, habitat dwelling and food composition analyses. The results of the multivariate analysis of these factors indicate that there is a weak relationship between otolith shape of nototheniids and phylogeny; however, there is a clear correspondence between relative otolith size and shape and their trophic niche. The most benthic feeders of the family had the largest sagittae in relation to body size, and pelagic species had smaller and rounder shaped sagittae than benthic species. Consequently, in ecomorphological studies, it is useful to analyze the size and shape of sagittae. The discoidal shape of pelagic species, such as Pleuragrama antracticum, can be considered as a paedomorphic characteristic, converging to the juvenile sagittae of many species, which exhibit round sagittae that become elongated as they grow.

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“…Probably linked to such different food preferences, daily rations estimated for immature (10-16 cm SL) and mature fish (17-24 cm SL) were approximately 1.1 and 0.5% body weight, respectively (Olaso et al 2004).…”

Section: Life Strategies Of the Antarctic Silverfish M La Mesa And J mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctic silverfish: life strategies of a key species in the high‐Antarctic ecosystem

Mesa

Eastman

2011

Fish and Fisheries

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Among the endemic notothenioid fish of Antarctica, the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) is the only species in which all developmental stages live throughout the water column. It is widely distributed in the shelf waters around the continent, inhabiting both open waters and areas of pack ice at depths from 0 to 900 m. In successfully occupying this habitat, it evolved a suite of specific biological, ecological and physiological adaptations to the environmental conditions in the cold and highly seasonal Antarctic waters. Specialization for the pelagic environment evolved over millions of years enabled life under unusual environmental constraints and colonization of the pelagic realm of the Antarctic continental shelf. A sudden change of environmental conditions driven by the current rapid climate change could negatively affect this weak equilibrium, with a catastrophic cascade effecting higher trophic levels. Indeed, as both adults and early life stages of the Antarctic silverfish appear to be strongly dependent on sea‐ice, this species would be especially sensitive to climatic or oceanic changes that reduce the extent of sea‐ice cover or the timing of formation of coastal polynyas.

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Daily ration of Antarctic silverfish (<i>Pleuragramma antarcticum</i> Boulenger, 1902) in the Eastern Weddell Sea

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Demographic models and IPCC climate projections predict the decline of an emperor penguin population

Demographic models and IPCC climate projections predict the decline of an emperor penguin population

Ecomorphological trends and phylogenetic inertia of otolith sagittae in Nototheniidae

Antarctic silverfish: life strategies of a key species in the high‐Antarctic ecosystem

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