Daily requirement for and splanchnic uptake of leucine in healthy adult Indians

Kurpad, Anura V; Raj, Tony; El-Khoury, Antoine E.; Kuriyan, Rebecca; Maruthy, K N; Borgonha, Sudhir; Chandukudlu, Deepak; Regan, Meredith M.; Young, Vernon R.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.6.747

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In general, the technical problems of precursor pool identification that are related to the DAAO/DAAB method are not present, since the indicator chosen is one in which the precursor pool is known and/or validated. This method is either applied as a short term IAAO method ( 15 ) or a longer-term 24 h IAAO and IAAB method ( 12 ) . The requirement is taken as the intake of amino acid that provides for an inflection (or breakpoint) in the pattern of the indicator amino acid oxidation or balance response to different test amino acid intakes.…”

Section: Amino Acid Requirements Based On Isotopic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid requirements in children and the elderly population

Pillai

Kurpad

2012

Br J Nutr

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The factorial approach is used to measure the dietary indispensable amino acid (IAA) requirements in children, although recent measurements based on the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method have begun to generate more direct evidence. Difficulties with the factorial method are that it depends on accurate estimates of the maintenance protein requirement, as well as of protein deposition during growth. Also, a value for the efficiency of utilizing dietary protein for deposition has to be selected, based on published Nitrogen (N) balance studies. In the recent 2007 WHO/FAO/UNU report, the amino acid requirement pattern for infants was taken to be similar to the amino acid composition of breast milk. For pre-school and older children, the factorial method gave values for the scoring pattern of protein that were fairly close to the earlier 1985 WHO/FAO/UNU report for children, since growth progressively became a smaller component of the factorial calculation as age progressed. However, given that there are several assumptions in the derivation of factorial estimates, direct experimental measurements of the amino acid requirement are desirable. The IAAO method, as it is non-invasive, as made it possible to measure the IAA requirements in children. Over the last decade, some of the IAA requirements have been determined by using the IAAO method in healthy school age children; however, the data on IAA requirements in developing country populations are still being conducted. In the elderly, there are not enough data to make a separate recommendation for IAA requirements from that of adults.

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Section: Amino Acid Requirements Based On Isotopic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid requirements in children and the elderly population

Pillai

Kurpad

2012

Br J Nutr

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“…Although the recommended leucine intake is currently 14 mg$kg 21 $d 21 (66), the amount required to maximize the stimulation of muscle anabolic intracellular signaling may be at least 40-65 mg$kg 21 $d 21 (67,68) and even up to 7-12 g$d 21 to contribute to the preservation of muscle mass during stressors such as energy restriction (59). Leucine stimulation of anabolic pathways is decreased in the presence of sufficient essential amino acids (EAAs) (69), indicating an increased basal synthetic rate with adequate EAA ingestion, thus highlighting the importance of consuming dietary protein at levels above the current RDA during periods of energy deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Responses to Negative Energy Balance: Effects of Dietary Protein

Carbone

McClung

Pasiakos

2012

Advances in Nutrition

109

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Sustained periods of negative energy balance decrease body mass due to losses of both fat and skeletal muscle mass. Decreases in skeletal muscle mass are associated with a myriad of negative consequences, including suppressed basal metabolic rate, decreased protein turnover, decreased physical performance, and increased risk of injury. Decreases in skeletal muscle mass in response to negative energy balance are due to imbalanced rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms contributing to the loss of skeletal muscle during energy deprivation are not well described. Recent studies have demonstrated that consuming dietary protein at levels above the current recommended dietary allowance (0.8 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) may attenuate the loss of skeletal muscle mass by affecting the intracellular regulation of muscle anabolism and proteolysis. However, the specific mechanism by which increased dietary protein spares skeletal muscle through enhanced molecular control of muscle protein metabolism has not been elucidated. This article reviews the available literature related to the effects of negative energy balance on skeletal muscle mass, highlighting investigations that assessed the influence of varying levels of dietary protein on skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Further, the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in response to negative energy balance and alterations in dietary protein level are described.

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“…Studies on the requirement of several IAA such as lysine, leucine, methionine, and threonine have shown that their daily requirements in Indian adults are similar to those in Western populations (8,(14)(15)(16). Although it is likely that the same may apply to growing children, this is not known with any certainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysine Requirement of Healthy, School-Aged Indian Children Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique

Pillai

Elango

Muthayya

et al. 2010

The Journal of Nutrition

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We recently reported the lysine requirement of school-aged children living in Canada consuming a mixed diet to be 35 mg.kg(-1).d(-1). Because the majority of children in the world live on cereal-based diets in developing countries, we measured the daily lysine requirement in healthy children living in India and consuming a mostly cereal-based diet. Our objective in this study was to determine the lysine requirement in healthy, school-aged children in the developing world by using the indicator amino acid oxidation method with l-[1-(13)C] phenylalanine. Six healthy, school-aged children consumed 7 levels of lysine (5, 15, 25, 35, 50, 65, and 80 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) each in a random order along with an amino acid mixture providing energy and protein intakes of 1.7 x resting energy expenditure and 1.5 g.kg(-1).d(-1), respectively. The mean lysine requirement was determined by applying a 2-phase linear regression crossover analysis on tracer oxidation (F(13)CO(2)) data, which identified a breakpoint (requirement) at minimal F(13)CO(2) in response to the graded lysine intakes. The mean lysine requirements with the upper 95% CI for children were determined to be 33.5 and 46.6 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), respectively, by breakpoint analysis of the F(13)CO(2) data. The mean lysine requirements of Indian children were almost identical to that of Canadian children (35 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)). There is no evidence for any adaptation in lysine requirements in children from developing countries such as India.

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Daily requirement for and splanchnic uptake of leucine in healthy adult Indians

Abstract: A tentative mean leucine requirement of 40 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) is proposed for healthy Indian adults, as it is for Western subjects.

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Amino acid requirements in children and the elderly population

Amino acid requirements in children and the elderly population

Skeletal Muscle Responses to Negative Energy Balance: Effects of Dietary Protein

Lysine Requirement of Healthy, School-Aged Indian Children Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique

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