Daily urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Chinese first-generation migrants in Italy

Modesti, Pietro Amedeo; Marzotti, Ilaria; Rapi, Stefano; Rogolino, Angela; Cappuccio, Francesco P.; Zhao, Dong; Costanzo, Gianfranco; Galanti, Giorgio; Boddi, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.029

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the 24-hour urine samples, 134.7 mmol/day sodium excretion and 8.8 g/day salt intake were observed in Chinese women, who migrated to Italy. In this study, the rate of hypertension in women was reported to be 38%, and only 19% could control their blood pressure with medication [27]. In Norway, sodium excretion of 3.53 g/day and salt intake of 7.55 g/day in 24-hour urine samples were observed in women [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Factors affecting blood pressure control in women aged 15–49

Yavuz¹,

Günal

Özkul

2022

Arterial Hypertension

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Background: While 25% of adult women in the world are hypertensive, the percentage of women who cannot achieve blood pressure control despite taking medication is 55.9 ± 1.5%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and control rate of hypertension and to detect the factors affecting this situation in women in the 15-49 age group. Material and methods: Seven hundred women in the 15-49 age group were selected and a questionnaire was applied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured and spot urines were collected on the same day. 24-hour sodium excretion and daily salt intake were calculated using the Kawasaki method. Results: While 14.3% of the women were hypertensive, only 19% of them were able to achieve blood pressure control. Fifty-eight percent of the hypertensive women use more than 15 g/day of salt and the estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion of these women was 311.6 ± 39.5 mmol/L. Hypertensive women using less than 5 g/day of salt were 0.3%. Salty foods consumed by the hypertensive women were pickles (55.6%), cheese (92.6%), olives (88.8%), vine leaves (71.6%), sujuk and Turkish pastrami (47.6%), and tomato paste (100%). Conclusions: In our study, participants were consuming large amounts of salt and there was a positive correlation between salt intake and blood pressure. Therefore, all efforts for sodium restriction are very important in the management of hypertension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Factors affecting blood pressure control in women aged 15–49

Yavuz¹,

Günal

Özkul

2022

Arterial Hypertension

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“…Eleven included studies adopted a cross‐sectional design (Bi et al, 2014; Chen et al, 2013; Chen et al, 2014; Hu et al, 2013; Huang, Zhang, et al, 2011a; Lee et al, 2018; Modesti et al, 2019; Newson et al, 2013; Qin et al, 2014; Zhang et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2016), two were experimental studies (Huang, Hu, et al, 2011b; Zou et al, 2014) and one was a qualitative phenomenological approach (Zou, 2019). The included studies were conducted in China ( n = 10), USA ( n = 1), Italy ( n = 1) and Canada ( n = 1), and one was a multi‐national study from which only the findings for the Chinese cohort were included in the review (Newson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The practice of salt reduction being used as a self‐care strategy for hypertension management or prevention was ineffective. Studies conducted on Chinese people in China, USA, Italy and Canada reported that adherence to an SRD as a self‐care strategy in hypertension management was suboptimal (Chen et al, 2013; Hu et al, 2013; Lee et al, 2018; Modesti et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2016; Zou, 2019; Zou et al, 2014). Accordingly, low rates of adherence to an SRD more often occurred among those who perceived themselves at low risk or had a short hypertension history (Hu et al, 2013; Lee et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting reductions in dietary salt consumption in people of Chinese descent: An integrative review

Chan

Khanam

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims To identify and synthesize the evidence on the perceptions of the health effects of dietary salt consumption and barriers to sustaining a salt‐reduced diet for hypertension in Chinese people. Design A systematic integrated review integrating quantitative and qualitative studies using the PRISMA guidelines. Data sources Three databases, MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL, were systematically searched for articles published between January 2001 and July 2020. Review methods The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools for cross‐sectional and qualitative studies. Descriptive analysis and constant comparison methods were used to analyse the extracted data. Results Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized results identified that (i) adequate salt‐related health education had a positive influence on dietary behaviour modifications, (ii) the level of educational exposure to the health benefits of salt reduction influenced Chinese people's perceptions of the health impact associated with high salt intake, (iii) the complexity of salt measurement was a barrier to salt reduction, (iv) salt reduction is a challenge to Chinese food culture, and (v) Chinese migrants may experience linguistic and cultural challenges when they seek appropriate dietary education and advice for hypertension management in their host countries. Conclusion There is room for improvement in recognizing and translating the knowledge of salt‐related health issues and the benefits of that knowledge about salt reduction into action. Future nursing interventions should incorporate individuals' cultural needs and the dietary culture of immediate family members. Impact This integrative review reveals that unique Chinese customs and practices reduce the effectiveness of salt reduction campaigns. The effects of education vanish without family support, resulting in suboptimal adherence to dietary salt reduction strategies.

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“…11,17,25,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] In addition, several studies discussed both blood pressure and/or obesity as outcomes. 22,[43][44][45][46][47] Figure 1 showed funnel plot of the included studies. Because of significant heterogeneity in a number of the included studies (I 2 99.51%, p < 0.001), the random-effect sample was used for meta-analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the included studies analyzed the correlation between the intake of sodium and potassium with blood pressure. 11,17,25,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] In addition, several studies discussed both blood pressure and/or obesity as outcomes, 22,[43][44][45][46][47] while other studies calculated the mean sodium and potassium intake compared to the standard recommendation. 21,23,24,[28][29][30][31][32]58,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66] Not all studies included the urinary the Na/K ratio in their analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-level dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio as a global public health problem: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: Widespread adoption of a westernized diet represents a major lifestyle change characterized by substantially higher sodium consumption and lower potassium intake, which is related to cardiovascular morbidity. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis over published studies in accordance with quantifying the dietary intake of sodium and potassium of the universal population across the world. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were used to find research that pronounced 24-hour urinary sodium or potassium excretion (reference period: 2014–2021). The effect size was estimated using the fixed-effect model; sub-group analysis become accomplished to determine urinary sodium and potassium excretion disaggregated by geographical location. Publication bias became evaluated the usage of graphical funnel plot. Data analysis was performed using STATA 16. Results: Forty-three studies (n= 62,940) qualified the selection criteria. The mean urinary excretion of sodium and potassium was 156.73 mmol/24h [95% confidence interval (CI), 148.98–164.47] and 48.89 mmol/24 h (95% CI, 43.61–54.17), respectively; the mean urinary sodium/potassium ratio was 3.68 (95% CI, 2.96–4.40). Conclusions: This updated systematic review highlights excessively high dietary intake of sodium and low intake of potassium at the community level in most parts of the world. The urinary Na/K ratio exceeded the level recommended by the WHO guidelines.

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Daily urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Chinese first-generation migrants in Italy

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Factors affecting blood pressure control in women aged 15–49

Factors affecting blood pressure control in women aged 15–49

Factors affecting reductions in dietary salt consumption in people of Chinese descent: An integrative review

Community-level dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio as a global public health problem: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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