Dairy cattle crossbreeding in the tropics: Choice of crossbreeding strategy

Syrstad, Ola

doi:10.1007/bf02240940

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Both lactation and daily milk yield increased significantly with the rise in Bos taurus blood up to 50% (2721.10 ± 87.36 and 9.77b±0.30, respectively) and then there was no significant change as foreign blood rose to 87.5%. Mounting evidence from the Sudan and other tropical countries (SYRSTAD, 1989;MADALENA et al, 1990;SYRSTAD, 1996;MADALENA, 1998;REGE, 1998) indicates that 50% is probably the optimum level of Friesian blood with regard to the amount of milk produced. SYRSTAD (1989) found that there was no significant difference in milk yield between F 1 crosses of B. taurus and B. indicus and 75% backcrosses to B. taurus.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…high temperature, low feed quality and quantity, disease and parasitic loads challenge) can sustain composite genotypes of up to 50% B. taurus blood. Many studies have indicated the superiority of F 1 crosses over higher grades of both production and reproduction traits in low input production systems prevalent in the tropics (SYRSTAD, 1989;MADALENA et al, 1990;SYRSTAD, 1996;MADALENA, 1998;REGE, 1998;. This should entail changes in the present chaotic practice of applying AI with semen from dairy breeds.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first crossbred generation (F 1 ), derived from indigenous (usually Bos indicus) females mated with exotic (Bos taurus) bulls performed very well in almost all cases. However, further upgrading by repeated backcrossing to the exotic breed gave variable and often disappointing results (SYRSTAD, 1996). REGE (1998) reviewed results of 80 crossbreeding experiments involving European and indigenous breeds in the tropics and estimated high heterotic contributions to milk production traits in the F 1 cows, and a significant deterioration in the performance of the F 2 generations in all traits compared with the F 1 generation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Milk production and reproduction traits of different grades of zebu x Friesian crossbreds under semi-arid conditions

et al. 2007

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Data from Zebu x Friesian crossbred dairy cows of different upgrading kept in the Kenana Sugar Company (KSC) farm, 300 km south of Khartoum on the bank of the White Nile in the low rainfall savannah region were collected over a period from 1984 to 2004 and analyzed using Harvey's (1990) Least Squares programme. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in milk yield per lactation, daily milk yield and lactation between the 25% and 37.5% genetic groups. The 50% Zebu x Friesian group produced significantly more milk per lactation (2721.10 ± 87.36 kg) compared to the 25% and 37.5% groups (2067.20 ± 241.62 and 2192.68 ± 122.66, respectively). The milk yield per lactation and daily milk yield of the 50, 62.5, 75 and 87.5% breed groups was not significantly different. There were no significant differences in length of lactation between the 25%, 37.5% and the 50% group (267.99±18.14, 273.11±9.25 and 278.75±6.52, respectively). Groups with 75% and 87.5% of Friesian blood proportion had significantly longer lactation days (305.09 ±10.63 and 347.07 ±30.14, respectively). The range for dry period was between 78.37±12.27 days for the 75% genetic group to 92.56±16.76 days for the 25% group. The mean calving intervals for the five genetic groups ranged from 367.85±21.38 days for the 75% group to 394.60±16.33 days for the 50% group. The earliest age at calving (41.56±2.16 months) was achieved by the 37.5% group while the latest age at first calving (49.01±1.29 months) was recorded for the 62.5 % group. The results of this study and other similar studies in tropical countries provide proof that the local environment (i.e. high temperature, low feed quality and quantity, disease and parasitic loads) can sustain composite genotypes of up to 50% B. taurus blood and does not lead to significant yield increases in upgraded groups. The economic feasibility of raising crossbred cows (Zebu x Bos taurus) under the Sudan condition has to be further evaluated in comparison with native dairy breeds to determine the overall efficiency and economic benefits. Es konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Laktationsleistung, der täglichen Milchleistung und der Laktationslänge bei Kühen mit einem 25 % und 37,5 % Holstein-Friesian-Anteil gefunden werden. Die F1 50 % Zebu x HF hatten eine signifikant höhere Milchleistung (2721 ± 87 kg) im Vergleich zu den genetischen Gruppen 25 % und 37,5 % mit jeweils 2067 ± 241 und 2192 ± 123 kg. Die Laktationsleistung und die tägliche Milchleistung der genetischen Gruppen 50 %, 62,5 %, 75 % und 87,5 % waren nicht signifikant unterschiedlich. Auch gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Laktationslänge zwischen den Kreuzungsgruppen mit 25 %, 37,5 % und 50 % HF-Anteil (268 ±18; 273 ± 9 und 279 ± 6) während die Kreuzungsgruppen mit 75 % und 87,5 % HF-Anteil eine signifikant längere Laktation aufwiesen (305 ± 11 und 347 ± 30). Die Trockenperiode schwankte zwischen 78 Tagen für die 75 % HF-Gruppe und 92 Tagen für die 25 % HF-Gruppe.

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Milk production and reproduction traits of different grades of zebu x Friesian crossbreds under semi-arid conditions

et al. 2007

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“…Syrstad, 1996;Ayenew et al, 2009) although longevity results of this study are to be considered with care, due to a small coefficient of determination. The higher disease susceptibility of crossbreds is well documented (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That this is an incorrect assumption (Syrstad, 1996) but does not stop them from upgrading crossbred levels. It is necessary to train farmers on basic aspects of crossbreeding to clarify this misunderstanding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholder experiences with dairy cattle crossbreeding in the tropics: from introduction to impact

Roschinsky

Kluszczynska

Sölkner

et al. 2015

Animal

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Crossbreeding of indigenous tropical and improved western dairy cattle breeds as tool to improve dairy cattle performance on smallholder farms has been widely advocated, criticised and yet applied. The government of Ethiopia supported this technology for decades but adoption rate is low. Constraints are documented but there is little information about farm level introduction and development of crossbreeding. A total 122 smallholders with mixed crop livestock farms and at least 8 years of successful crossbreeding were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire in two contexts in Amhara Regional state in north-western Ethiopia. Crossbreeding initiator was either uncoordinated government extension or a coordinated development project, also implemented with governmental support. Qualitative and quantitative data on farmers' motivations, crossbreeding introduction, initiator support, breeding adaptation and impacts at farm level were analysed. Results show that even though motives vary between contexts the underlying reason to introduce crossbreeding was economic profit. To be able to introduce crossbreeding support of initiators (e.g. extension) and other farmers was essential. The crossbreeding introduction context had some influence. Governmental actors were the main source of support and supplier of exotic genetics but the farmer network acted as safety net filling gaps of government support. Breeding strategies focused on performance increase. A lack of basic understanding of crossbreeding has been identified. A surprising, probably biased, result was general satisfaction with initiator support and with breeding services. It was challenged by the high proportion of farmers unable to follow a breeding strategy due to insufficient bull and/or semen supply. Crossbreeding changed the smallholder production system to a high input -high output system. Except for crossbred adaptation problems, challenges were ranked context specific and influenced by the initiator. Farmers perceived crossbreeding as success and recommended it. We conclude that farmers can realize income increase with crossbreeding. The complexity of this technology, high initial investment and the need for support services and external production inputs are probable reasons why crossbreeding uptake is low. Improving the availability of semen and/or bulls must be the top priority for breeding service providers to enable farmers to follow a breeding strategy and reach a suitable and sustainable herd performance. Access to investment capital, input supply, strong technical support and market linkages are crucial for successful crossbreeding.

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Fit of Wood's function to daily milk records and estimation of environmental and additive and non-additive genetic effects on lactation curve and lactation parameters of crossbred dual purpose cattle

et al. 2009

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Dairy cattle crossbreeding in the tropics: Choice of crossbreeding strategy

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Milk production and reproduction traits of different grades of zebu x Friesian crossbreds under semi-arid conditions

Milk production and reproduction traits of different grades of zebu x Friesian crossbreds under semi-arid conditions

Smallholder experiences with dairy cattle crossbreeding in the tropics: from introduction to impact

Fit of Wood's function to daily milk records and estimation of environmental and additive and non-additive genetic effects on lactation curve and lactation parameters of crossbred dual purpose cattle

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