Damage and recovery of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles from running a full marathon

Fukano, Mako; Nakagawa, Kento; Higashihara, Ayako; Inami, Takayuki; Narita, Takaya

doi:10.1111/sms.14377

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

2023

DOI: 10.1111/sms.14377

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Damage and recovery of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles from running a full marathon

Mako Fukano

Kento Nakagawa

Ayako Higashihara

et al.

Abstract: Long-distance running is a popular exercise, and many runners participate in marathon races worldwide. Marathon racing results in fatigue and induces decreased muscle strength of the lower extremities, 1 increased thigh and lower leg muscle hardness, 2-4 and hamstring muscle damage with an intra-muscle difference at the muscle site. 5

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of lower extremity muscle microtrauma after marathon: a mini review

Cheng,

2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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This article reviews the existing literature and outlines recent advances in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques for the assessment of lower extremity muscle microtrauma following a marathon. Single-modality quantitative MRI techniques include T2 mapping to assess the dynamics of muscle inflammatory edema and variability at the site of injury, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to detect subclinical changes in muscle injury, Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) imaging to provide simultaneous information on perfusion and diffusion in muscle tissue without the need for intravenous contrast, and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to noninvasively detect intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content in muscle before and after marathon exercise to explain the use of fatty acids as an energy source in skeletal muscle during long-distance running. As well as Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) is particularly suitable for detecting changes in free creatine, pH values and lactate concentrations in muscles before and after exercise, providing a more detailed picture of muscle physiology and chemistry. These metabolic MRI methods enhance the understanding of biochemical alterations occurring in muscles pre- and post-exercise. Multimodal techniques combine different modalities to provide a comprehensive evaluation of muscle structural and functional changes. These advanced techniques aim to better assess microtrauma and guide clinical treatment, though further validation with larger studies is needed to establish their potential over traditional qualitative methods.

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Advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of lower extremity muscle microtrauma after marathon: a mini review

Cheng,

2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Classifications Based on Dynamic Navicular Drop during Gait and Characteristics of Flat Foot Muscle Morphology

Fukuda,

Okamura,

Ikeda

et al. 2024

Biomechanics

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This study investigated the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) as a risk factor for medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), hypothesizing that overuse of extrinsic foot muscles to prevent MLA collapse can lead to disability. Twenty healthy adults (age: 20.8 ± 0.8, height: 162.2 ± 10.4, weight: 54.9 ± 9, BMI: 20.8 ± 1.7) (39 feet) with a foot posture index score below 6 and no recent lower extremity orthopedic history participated. Ultrasonography measured foot muscle cross-sectional areas, while three-dimensional motion analysis using VICON assessed foot kinematics during gait, focusing on navicular height at initial contact (ICNH) and dynamic navicular drop (DND) during the stance phase. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on ICNH and DND compared muscle cross-sectional areas between clusters using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. The analysis indicated that ICNH was lower in clusters 1 and 3 than in cluster 2, and DND was smaller in clusters 1 and 2 than in cluster 3. Although there was no significant difference in muscle cross-sectional area between the clusters, the flexor hallucis longus tended to be thicker in cluster 1 than in cluster 3 (p = 0.051). The findings suggest that flexor digitorum longus may help prevent MLA compression during loading, indicating that overuse of extrinsic foot muscles may contribute to MTSS development.

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Damage and recovery of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles from running a full marathon

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of lower extremity muscle microtrauma after marathon: a mini review

Advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of lower extremity muscle microtrauma after marathon: a mini review

Classifications Based on Dynamic Navicular Drop during Gait and Characteristics of Flat Foot Muscle Morphology

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