Damage assessment and the effectiveness of prevention: the response of ordinary unreinforced masonry buildings in Norcia during the Central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence

Sisti, Romina; Ludovico, Marco Di; Borri, Antonio; Prota, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s10518-018-0448-z

Cited by 75 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Furthermore, such a strengthening technique was frequently combined with new r/c floor slabs, adding masses to the building structure, increasing the earthquake-induced inertia forces, and consequently, the stresses in masonry walls. Moreover, the analysis of damages due to several earthquakes showed that the high stiffness of r/c beams and roofs, combined with inadequate connections to the underlying masonry walls, induced the out-of-plane failure of masonry walls [19]. Roofs monolithically poured with ring-beams in case of r/c are very stiff in their plane, and under earthquakes, have different behavior from the underlying masonry.…”

Section: Masonry Ring-beams Reinforced By Natural Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Design of Masonry Ring-Beams Reinforced by Flax Fibers for Existing Buildings Retrofitting

Guadagnuolo

Faella

2020

Buildings

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Seismic events have repeatedly highlighted the vulnerability of existing masonry buildings. Seismic retrofitting is frequently focused on improving the connection between walls and roof for ensuring behavior able to resist loads from any horizontal direction. This paper deals with the design of masonry ring-beams made of clay bricks reinforced by natural fibers. Various solutions to ensure a masonry building box-behavior are possible, but this is a good combination of both static and conservation requirements, as it allows the use of bio-composites and grouts. It is a relevant possible alternative to the traditional reinforced concrete ring-beams, which are proven to be very ineffective under earthquakes. A simplified model for designing clay brick beams reinforced by flax fibers is provided, and a comparison with customary and traditional floor/roof masonry ring-beams is carried out.

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Section: Masonry Ring-beams Reinforced By Natural Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Design of Masonry Ring-Beams Reinforced by Flax Fibers for Existing Buildings Retrofitting

Guadagnuolo

Faella

2020

Buildings

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“…Half-timbered constructions were used effectively after historical earthquakes [Tobriner 1983;Dipasquale et al 2015;Tiberti et al 2019]. Articles 16 and 19 of the 1860 code mention them, but no additional detail is given, and recent studies have not documented their implementation in Norcia [Sisti et al, 2018].…”

Section: The 1860 Norcia Building Codementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, in the case of Norcia, the design requirements introduced by the 1860 building code were observed in many buildings that withstood the seismic sequence, resulting in light damage [Mazzoni et al, 2018], despite the severity of the shaking [Mollaioli et al, 2018]. Sisti et al, [2018] have explained the good performance of Norcia with the measures taken after the 1979 Valnerina earthquake according to technical guidelines issued thereafter [ Regione Umbria, 1981]. However, the same guidelines were used in Sellano, which offered a less satisfactory performance after the 1997-1998 Umbria-Marche earthquake [Borri and De Maria, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Building Codes issued after the strong Italian earthquakes of Norcia (1859) and Ischia (1883)

Marotta

Liberatore²,

Sorrentino³

2019

Annals of Geophysics

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Building codes are a fundamental part of the overall strategy for the reduction of seismic risk but their origin is not recent, indeed, sev− eral historical examples are available. After the 1859 Norcia (Central Italy) and 1883 Ischia (Southern Italy) earthquakes two standards were issued, which can be considered a remarkable attempt to improve the performance of ordinary unreinforced masonry structures by regulating architectural configuration and structural details. Both documents contain interesting observations about ground stratigra− phy and topography, masonry units and mortar, vaults and horizontal floors, connections and tie−rods, new and existing construction. All these aspects represent a codification of earthquake−resistant techniques used in seismic zones in accordance with best practice, still extraordinarily relevant when compared with both recent standard recommendations about structural details and with the performance observed during the 2016 and 2017 earthquakes. FIGURE 1. Location of Norcia and Ischia in Italy.

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“…Visual investigation of failure modes of buildings, through interpretation of both crack patterns and damage severity, is an engineering activity, traditionally carried out on site and based on expert judgements, involving critical observation of buildings' features and deficiencies and a careful understanding of buildings' seismic response (D'Ayala and Speranza, 2003;Yates and Paquette, 2011;Zhai and Zeng, 2017;Sextos et al, 2018;Sisti et al, 2018). Only trained engineers, with substantial experience in post-earthquake assessment, have adequate knowledge and practice to provide valuable diagnosis concerning causes and effects of earthquake impacts on buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Knowledge-Based System LOG-IDEAH to Assess Failure Modes of Masonry Buildings, Damaged by L'Aquila Earthquake in 2009

Novelli

D’Ayala

2019

Front. Built Environ.

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This article, first, discusses the decision-making process, typically used by trained engineers to assess failure modes of masonry buildings, and then, presents the rule-based model, required to build a knowledge-based system for post-earthquake damage assessment. The acquisition of the engineering knowledge and implementation of the rule-based model lead to the developments of the knowledge-based system LOG-IDEAH (Logic trees for Identification of Damage due to Earthquakes for Architectural Heritage), a web-based tool, which assesses failure modes of masonry buildings by interpreting both crack pattern and damage severity, recorded on site by visual inspection. Assuming that failure modes detected by trained engineers for a sample of buildings are the correct ones, these are used to validate the predictions made by LOG-IDEAH. Prediction robustness of the proposed system is carried out by computing Precision and Recall measures for failure modes, predicted for a set of buildings selected in the city center of L'Aquila (Italy), damaged by an earthquake in 2009. To provide an independent meaning of verification for LOG-IDEAH, random generations of outputs are created to obtain baselines of failure modes for the same case study. For the baseline output to be compatible and consistent with the observations on site, failure modes are randomly generated with the same probability of occurrence as observed for the building samples inspected in the city center of L'Aquila. The comparison between Precision and Recall measures, calculated on the output, provided by LOG-IDEAH and predicted by random generations, underlines that the proposed knowledge-based system has a high ability to predict failure modes of masonry buildings, and has the potential to support surveyors in post-earthquake assessments.

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Damage assessment and the effectiveness of prevention: the response of ordinary unreinforced masonry buildings in Norcia during the Central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence

Cited by 75 publications

References 14 publications

Simplified Design of Masonry Ring-Beams Reinforced by Flax Fibers for Existing Buildings Retrofitting

Simplified Design of Masonry Ring-Beams Reinforced by Flax Fibers for Existing Buildings Retrofitting

Historical Building Codes issued after the strong Italian earthquakes of Norcia (1859) and Ischia (1883)

Use of the Knowledge-Based System LOG-IDEAH to Assess Failure Modes of Masonry Buildings, Damaged by L'Aquila Earthquake in 2009

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