Damage to Wood Caused by Micro‐organisms

Savory, J. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1954.tb02047.x

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Degradation of [14C]lignocelluloses, plate counts, and SEM all demonstrated that microbial colonization on the log was mainly a surface phenomenon. This supports suggestions in the literature that microbial activity is generally restricted to the surface of decomposing wood in aquatic environments (2,12,32,36). The observed pattern of surface-related microbial activity probably reflects the lack of gallery-forming insect activity in aquatic wood, a factor considered a potentially important microbial distribution mechanism in logs decomposing in terrestrial environments (2,12).…”

Section: Degradation Of [14c]lignocelluloses Has Beensupporting

confidence: 90%

Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ ¹⁴ C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

Aumen

Bottomley

Ward

et al. 1983

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The distribution and lignocellulolytic activity of the microbial community was determined on a large log of Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) in a Pacific Northwest stream. Scanning electron microscopy, plate counts, and degradation of [ 14 C]lignocelluloses prepared from Douglas fir and incubated with samples of wood taken from the surface and within the log revealed that most of the microbial colonization and lignocellulose-degrading activity occurred on the surface. Labeled lignocellulose and surface wood samples were incubated in vitro with nutrient supplements to determine potential limiting factors of [ 14 C]lignocellulose degradation. Incubations carried out in a nitrogenless mineral salts and trace elements solution were no more favorable to degradation than those carried out in distilled water alone. Incubations supplemented with either (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or organic nitrogen sources showed large increases in the rates of mineralization over incubations with mineral salts and trace elements alone, with the greatest effect being observed from an addition of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Subsequent incubations with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , KNO 3 , and NH 4 NO 3 revealed that KNO 3 was the most favorable for lignin degradation, whereas all three supplements were equally favorable for cellulose degradation. Supplementation with glucose repressed both lignin and cellulose mineralization. The results reported in this study indicate that nitrogen limitation of wood decomposition may exist in streams of the Pacific Northwest. The radiotracer technique was shown to be a sensitive and useful tool for assessing relative patterns of lignocellulose decay and microbial activity in wood, along with the importance of thoroughly characterizing the experimental system before its general acceptance.

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Section: Degradation Of [14c]lignocelluloses Has Beensupporting

confidence: 90%

Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ ¹⁴ C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

Aumen

Bottomley

Ward

et al. 1983

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Bamboo specimens were obtained from CONBAM (Geilenkirchen, Germany) and the Bamboo Centre (Baden-Baden, Germany). Culture medium for the basidiomycetes and ascomycetes were 110 ml malt (2%)-agar (1.5%) and Abrams agar (Savory 1954), supplemented with 0.1% yeast extract as vitamin source, respectively. Samples (3=1 cm 2 ) were dried at 1038C, weighed, and autoclaved.…”

Section: Degradation Tests In Preserving Jarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal degradation of bamboo samples

Schmidt

Wei

Líese

et al. 2011

HFSG

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The degradation of several Asian bamboo species by white-, brown-, and soft-rot fungi was investigated under laboratory conditions by means of different test methods. Severe deterioration was caused by all three fungi types. The bamboo species differed in durability. Samples from 6 months young culms decayed more than older ones. There were no significant differences between 1-and 3-year-old culms. Samples taken from the culm top were more vulnerable to decay than those from the bottom. Wet bamboo samples with soil contact were especially degraded by the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune, whereas the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana produced the greatest mass loss in drier samples. The sealing of bamboo crosscut ends reduced the rate of decay.

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“…Despite the mechanism employed, strategies for wood exploitation are complicated in aquatic habitats by the waterlogged condition of the wood substrate. Microbial colonizaion of submerged sticks and twigs is primarily a "surface" phenomena (Savory, 1954), although some ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi which colonize wood prior to entry into the water survive and have been observed to produce fruiting bodies on submerged and waterlogged wood. In the terrestrial environment, fungal colonization occurs throughout the wood matrix.…”

Section: Strategies Of Wood-associated Resource Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Aquatic Invertebrates in Processing of Wood Debris in Coniferous Forest Streams

Anderson¹,

Sedell²,

Roberts³

et al. 1978

American Midland Naturalist

186

110

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A study of the wood-associated invertebrates was undertaken in seven streams of the Coast and Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The amount of wood debris was determined in terms of both weight and surface area. Standing crop of wood per unit area decreases with increasing stream order. Parameters Coast Range Cascade Range Geologic origin Sedimentary Volcanic Tyee sandstone Breccias and tuff Streambed Unconsolidated Consolidated-armored Substrate size Sand and gravel Boulders, rubble and boles Degree days (°C/year) 3600 2700 Rainfall (cm) 250 220 Age of old-growth coniferous ca. 130 ca. 450 forest (years) Dominant terrestrial Ainus rubra, Acer macro-Pseudotsuga menziesii, vegetation phyllum, Pseudotsuga Tsuga heterophylla, Acer menziesii, Rubus spectabilis circinatum, T h u j a plicata, Acer macrophyllum Hydrologic pattern Autumn-winter rains Autumn-winter rains Spring snowmelt

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Damage to Wood Caused by Micro‐organisms

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ ¹⁴ C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ ¹⁴ C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

Fungal degradation of bamboo samples

The Role of Aquatic Invertebrates in Processing of Wood Debris in Coniferous Forest Streams

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Damage to Wood Caused by Micro‐organisms

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ 14 C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ 14 C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

Fungal degradation of bamboo samples

The Role of Aquatic Invertebrates in Processing of Wood Debris in Coniferous Forest Streams

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Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ ¹⁴ C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [ ¹⁴ C]Lignocellulose Mineralization