Dampak Kebijakan Tarif Impor Terhadap Pasar Jagung Di Indonesia

Abstract

Maize is the second largest contributor to GDP after rice in the food crops subsector in Indonesia. The domestic maize production is unable to meet the high demand. Therefore, there is a gap or imbalance between supply and demand and maize import cannot be avoided. The implementation of ASEAN Free Trade Area has reduced and eliminated tariff barriers. The objectives of the study are to: (1) identify factors that affect the supply and demand for maize, and (2) analyze the impact of changes in maize import tariff on the supply, demand, and welfare of producers and consumers of maize in Indonesia. The study used time series data from 1986-2010. Indonesian Maize Trade model is constructed as a system of simultaneous equations and estimated method using Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS).The elimination of Indonesian maize import tariff from AFTA or non AFTA countries is leading to decreased producer surplus. Therefore, the combination of eliminating Indonesian maize import tariff from AFTA and non AFTA countries, decreasing the retail price of urea fertilizer, and increasing maize prices at the farm level can compensate the decrease of producer surplus so that the welfare can be increased(net surplus).

Elastisitas Harga Terhadap Penawaran Output Dan Permintaan Input Usahatani Jagung Di Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah

“…Nilai elastisitas harga jagung di Kabupaten Grobogan mengindikasikan bahwa petani merespon dengan cepat (responsif) terhadap perubahan harga jagung. Putri et al (2014) juga mengemukakan hal yang sama bahwa penawaran jagung sangat responsif terhadap harga jagung di tingkat petani. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa perubahan harga yang positif atau kenaikan harga jagung akan diikuti dengan meningkatnya produksi jagung, sebaliknya apabila harga jagung turun maka produksi/penawaran jagung juga menurun.…”

“…Dengan demikian, setiap peningkatan luas tanam sebesar 1% penawaran jagung juga meningkat sebesar 3,26%. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Putri et al (2014) bahwa produktivitas/penawaran jagung sangat responsif terhadap perubahan luas areal tanam, Erviyana (2015); Pangestika (2015) ditingkatkan dengan memperluas areal tanam sehingga luas tanam merupakan komponen penting untuk meningkatkan penawaran jagung.…”