Dampak Snorkeling Terhadap Persen Tutupan Terumbu Karang Di Pulau Gili Labak Sumenep Madura

Abstract

Wisata snorkeling terumbu karang di perairan pulau Gili Labak merupakan salah satu sektor wisata bahari yang sedang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah kebupaten Sumenep Madura sejak tahun 2014 hingga saat ini. Peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang terjadi pada beberapa tahun terakhir dapat menimbulkan resiko tekanan dan kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang di area snorkeling secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kegiatan wisatawan sebelum, selama dan sesudah snorkeling terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang yang dikaji dengan mengetahui jenis karang yang mendominasi, status persentase tutupan terumbu karang serta potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling di lokasi wisata snorkeling pulau Gili Labak Sumenep. Persentase penutupan lifeform karang pulau Gili Labak khususnya di area snorkelling didominasi oleh karang hidup sebanyak 74% dan unsur abiotik sebesar 22%. Jenis karang yang mendominasi pulau Gili Labak adalah Acropora Branching sebesar 19,88% dan Coral Foliose sebesar 10,25%. Selama waktu 6 minggu pengamatan terjadi penurunan total karang sebesar 0,64% yang termasuk kategori rusak ringan, dimana sebagian besar kerusakan terjadi pada karang dengan bentuk pertumbahan branching misalnya Acropora Submassive dan Coral Submassive. Penurunan persen tutupan karang yang tinggi terjadi setelah kegiatan snorkeling (after) yang dilakukan oleh wisatawan. Analisa potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling pada terumbu karang di perairan Gili Labak selama 6 minggu pengamatan masuk dalam kategori rendah yaitu berkisar 0,052% hingga 0,085%. Faktor penyebab kecilnya nilai presentase Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) ini diduga karena waktu pengamatan cenderung pendek dan jenis karang yang mendominasi yaitu Acropora. Acropora memiliki kemampuan regenerasi lebih cepat dibandingkan jenis lainnya. The snorkeling activity around coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak is one of the marine tourism sectors that is being developed by the Sumenep Madura district government since 2014. Increasing number of tourists that occurs in recent years pose a risk of pressure and damage to coral reef ecosystems in the snorkeling area. This study aims to determine the impact of tourist activities before, during and after snorkeling on coral reef ecosystems that are studied by knowing the type of dominated coral, the percentage status of coral cover and the potential Impact of snorkeling at the snorkeling sites of the island of Gili Labak Sumenep. The percentage of coral cover in the island of Gili Labak especially in the snorkelling area is dominated by live coral ( 74%) and abiotic elements by 22%. Coral species that dominate the island of Gili Labak are Acropora Branching at 19.88% and Coral Foliose at 10.25%. During the 6-week observation there was a decrease in live coral cover by 0.64% which was categorized as minor damage, most of the damage occurred to branching Acropora, sub-massive Acropora and Coral Sub-massive. The high percent decrease in coral cover occurred after snorkeling conducted by tourists. Analysis of the potential impact of snorkeling on coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak for 6 weeks of observation is in the low category, ranging from 0.052% to 0.085%. The factor causing the small impact of Marine Tourism is presumably because the observation time tends to be short and the dominant coral species is Acropora. Acropora has the ability to regenerate faster than other types.

Suitability Index of Snorkeling Tourism In Sepulu District, Bangkalan, Indonesia

“…According to their reef cover, coral reefs in Sepulu District were in low (bad) to average condition. The per cent of coral cover in Sepulu waters is lower than the Percent of Cover in Gili Labak waters [12], lower than the per cent of coral cover in Bawean, but similar to the per cent of coral cover in Bangsring (Banyuwangi) and Gili Genting (Sumenep) waters [13].…”

“…The number of coral growth forms found in Labuhan is six forms (ACS, CE, CF, CM, CMR, CS, SC), Passer Lembung found as many as seven forms (ACB, ACS, CE, CF, CM, CS, SC), Prancak waters found as many as seven forms (ACS, ACD, ACT, CE, CM, CS, SC) and Tengket waters found as many as eight forms (ACS, ACD, ACT, CE, CM, CMR, CS, SC) (Table 2). The coral growth form found in Sepulu waters is lower when compared to the coral growth form found in the waters of Gili Labak (Sumenep), which have 12 forms (Insafitri et al, 2021) [12], but similar compared to coral growth form found on Bidadari Island, Sumenep [14].…”

“…Indonesia's vast sea area gives these waters the potential for great natural wealth with a high level of biodiversity. Coastal areas and small islands in Indonesia also have high tourism potential to be developed [1]. Bangkalan is one of the Madura districts with coastal areas that can be developed as snorkelling marine tourism sites.…”

Assessment of coral reef condition using upt (underwater photo transect) method on gili labak island madura indonesia

“…Gili Labak Island tourism has been developed by the Sumenep Regency government since 2014, causing many visitors to come to see coral reef tourism so that the risk of damage to coral reefs is very high [9] . Gili Labak Island is a favorite tourist destination on the island of Madura and has a coral reef cover of 73% and is in the good category [10]. The percentage of coral lifeform cover on Gili Labak Island, especially in the snorkelling area, is dominated by live coral as much as 74% and abiotic elements by 22%.…”

“…The decline in the percentage of high coral cover occurred after snorkeling activities (after) carried out by tourists. Analysis of the potential impact of marine tourism (DWB) snorkeling on coral reefs in Gili Labak waters for 6 weeks of observation is in the low category, ranging from 0.052% to 0.085% [9].…”