Wisata snorkeling terumbu karang di perairan pulau Gili Labak merupakan salah satu sektor wisata bahari yang sedang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah kebupaten Sumenep Madura sejak tahun 2014 hingga saat ini. Peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang terjadi pada beberapa tahun terakhir dapat menimbulkan resiko tekanan dan kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang di area snorkeling secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kegiatan wisatawan sebelum, selama dan sesudah snorkeling terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang yang dikaji dengan mengetahui jenis karang yang mendominasi, status persentase tutupan terumbu karang serta potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling di lokasi wisata snorkeling pulau Gili Labak Sumenep. Persentase penutupan lifeform karang pulau Gili Labak khususnya di area snorkelling didominasi oleh karang hidup sebanyak 74% dan unsur abiotik sebesar 22%. Jenis karang yang mendominasi pulau Gili Labak adalah Acropora Branching sebesar 19,88% dan Coral Foliose sebesar 10,25%. Selama waktu 6 minggu pengamatan terjadi penurunan total karang sebesar 0,64% yang termasuk kategori rusak ringan, dimana sebagian besar kerusakan terjadi pada karang dengan bentuk pertumbahan branching misalnya Acropora Submassive dan Coral Submassive. Penurunan persen tutupan karang yang tinggi terjadi setelah kegiatan snorkeling (after) yang dilakukan oleh wisatawan. Analisa potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling pada terumbu karang di perairan Gili Labak selama 6 minggu pengamatan masuk dalam kategori rendah yaitu berkisar 0,052% hingga 0,085%. Faktor penyebab kecilnya nilai presentase Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) ini diduga karena waktu pengamatan cenderung pendek dan jenis karang yang mendominasi yaitu Acropora. Acropora memiliki kemampuan regenerasi lebih cepat dibandingkan jenis lainnya.  The snorkeling activity around coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak is one of the marine tourism sectors that is being developed by the Sumenep Madura district government since 2014. Increasing number of tourists that occurs in recent years pose a risk of pressure and damage to coral reef ecosystems in the snorkeling area. This study aims to determine the impact of tourist activities before, during and after snorkeling on coral reef ecosystems that are studied by knowing the type of dominated coral, the percentage status of coral cover and the potential Impact of snorkeling at the snorkeling sites of the island of Gili Labak Sumenep. The percentage of coral cover in the island of Gili Labak especially in the snorkelling area is dominated by live coral ( 74%) and abiotic elements by 22%. Coral species that dominate the island of Gili Labak are Acropora Branching at 19.88% and Coral Foliose at 10.25%. During the 6-week observation there was a decrease in live coral cover by 0.64% which was categorized as minor damage, most of the damage occurred to branching   Acropora, sub-massive Acropora and Coral Sub-massive. The high percent decrease in coral cover occurred after snorkeling conducted by tourists. Analysis of the potential impact of snorkeling on coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak for 6 weeks of observation is in the low category, ranging from 0.052% to 0.085%. The factor causing the small impact of Marine Tourism is presumably because the observation time tends to be short and the dominant coral species is Acropora. Acropora has the ability to regenerate faster than other types.

Coral reefs are marine organisms in the form of limestone (CaCO3). Reef fish are fish associated with coral reefs. The abundance of reef fish is influenced by the fertility of coral reefs in the waters. This research was conducted in September 2021 in the waters of Lembung Paseser and Labuhan with 2 stations in the waters of Lembung Paseser and 2 stations in the waters of Labuhan. This study aims to determine the condition of coral reefs, percentage of live coral cover, abundance of reef fish, diversity index (H'), uniformity (E), dominance (C) and to determine the relationship between coral reefs and reef fish. The coral cover data collection method is LIT (Line Intercept Transect) and the coral reef rugosity data collection method uses the CIT (Chain Intercept Transect) method, while the coral fish data collection methods are the belt transect method and the Underwater Visual Census (UVS). Percentage of coral cover ranging from 11% to 37% classified as damaged to moderate damage. The abundance of reef fish at station 1 was 0.18 ind/m2, station 2 was 0.106 ind/m2, station 3 was 0.908 and station 4 was 0.216 ind/m2. The average rugosity value at station 1 is 1.17, station 2 is 1.23, station 3 is 1.33 and station 4 is 1.16. The indicator fish species in Lembung Paseser waters were Chelmon rostratus and Heniochus diphreutes as many as 7 individuals while the indicator fish species in Labuhan waters were Chaetodon vagabundus and Heniochus diphreutes as many as 15 individuals. The correlation between coral reef cover and reef fish was 54.06% which showed a strong correlation, while the correlation between coral reef rugosity was 73.52% which showed a strong correlation.  Terumbu karang merupakan organisme laut berupa batuan kapur (CaCO3). Ikan karang merupakan ikan yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang. Kelimpahan ikan karang dipengaruhi oleh suburnya terumbu karang di perairan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2021 di perairan Lembung Paseser dan Labuhan dengan 2 stasiun perairan Lembung Paseser dan 2 stasiun di perairan Labuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang, persentase tutupan karang hidup, kelimpahan ikan karang, indeks keanekaragaman (H'), keseragaman (E), dominasi (C) dan untuk mengetahui hubungan terumbu karang dan ikan karang.  Metode pengambilan data tutupan karang yaitu LIT (Line Intercept Transect) dan metode pengambilan data rugositas terumbu karang menggunakan metode CIT (Chain Intercept Transect), sedangkan metode pengambilan data ikan karang adalah metode belt transek dan Underwater Visual Sensus (UVS).  Persentase tutupan karang berkisar 11% sampai 37% tergolong rusak hingga kerusakan sedang.  Kelimpahan ikan karang pada stasiun 1 sebesar 0,18 ind/m2, stasiun 2 sebesar 0,106 ind/m2, stasiun 3 sebesar 0,908 dan stasiun 4 sebesar 0,216 ind/m2. Nilai rugositas rata rata pada stasiun 1 yaitu 1,17, stasiun 2 yaitu 1,23, stasiun 3 yaitu 1,33 dan stasiun 4 yaitu 1,16. Jenis Ikan indikator di Perairan Lembung Paseser yaitu Chelmon rostratus dan Heniochus diphreutes sebanyak 7 individu sedangkan jenis ikan indikator di Perairan Labuhan yaitu Chaetodon vagabundus dan Heniochus diphreutes sebanyak 15 individu. Korelasi hubungan tutupan terumbu karang dan ikan karang sebesar 54,06% yang menunjukkan hubungan kuat sedangkan kolerasi hubungan rugositas terumbu karang sebesar 73,52% yang menunjukkan hubungan kuat.

Abstract. Insafitri, Nursalim N, Kholilah N, Kurniasih EM, Cahyani NKD, Nugraha WA, Ambariyanto A. 2023. DNA barcode of seven species coral from Sepulu, Madura Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 317-323. Diversity of coral species is needed because it affects the disruption of coral reef ecosystems, nutrient recycling, coral reef growth and the habitat of biota that live in these ecosystems. The main constituents of coral reef ecosystems are coral animals that belong to the Anthozoa class. Sepulu waters (Madura Island), Bangkalan District, East Java Province, Indonesia, has a percentage of coral cover that is in the bad category, management of coral reefs in this area has not been the main focus and it is feared that the situation will get worse so efforts are needed to maintain coral reefs to be sustainable and better. This management effort requires an analysis of species identification. DNA barcoding of corals has never been done on corals of Sepulu waters. The purpose of this study is to find out the DNA of barcoding coral species on Sepulu waters. Genetic marker Cytochrome Oxidase I of the mitochondrial genome DNA (mtDNA) was used to analyze genetic diversity. Reconstruction of phylogenetic tree and genetic diversity were done by using software MEGA X. Research results showed that sample DBP011101 closely related to Dipsatraea maxima 99.55%, DBP011102 closely related to Porites rus 99.4%, DBP011103 closely related to Acropora hyacinthus 99.11%, DBP011104 closely related to Porites cf lichen 98.66%, DBP011106 closely related to Dipsastraea rotumana 95.37%, DBP011107 closely related to Porites horrisoni 98.81%, and DBP011108 closely related to Acropora valida 98.38%. The results of the study are the first coral barcode DNA on Sepulu waters that can help in determining coral species that are useful in managing the sustainability of coral resources, especially on Sepulu waters.

Awareness of Mud Crab over exploitation in Mangkang Wetan Waters has been noticed. One of the reference information is the growth study to determine the condition of the mud crab population. High demand encourages the fisherman to catch more, which leads to overexploitation in nature. The study aimed to estimate the growth, mortality, and exploitation rate of mud crabs. The 921 mud crabs samples were collected from Mangkang Wetan Waters from October 2018 to January 2019. The method used was the survey method. The crabs were taken once a week for 4 months. The width and weight of crab carapace were measured. The growth rate of S. serrata was 0.93/year (male) and 0.69/year (female). The natural mortality rate of S. serrata was 1.08/year (male) and 0.89/year (female), the mortality of catch (F) was 0.55/year (male) and 1.09/year (female). The rate of exploitation of male S. serrata reached 34%, and the rate of exploitation of female S. serrata was 55%. The exploitation of female S. serrata shows that overexploitation has occurred because the optimum value of exploitation (E-OPTIMUM) is equivalent to E=50%.

Makrozoobenthos merupakan suatau organisme dasar perairan yang hidup di permukaan (Epifauna) atau didalam (infauna) substrat dasar ekositem pesisir yang berupa ekositem mangrove dan lamun. Makrozoobentos merupakan salah satu indikator kesehatan lingkungan akuatik yang baik Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2017 yang berlokasi di Pulau Sepanjang Kabupaten Sumenep yang bertujuan untuk 1. Mengetahui parameter kualitas perairan yang berada pada setiap lokasi penelitian 2. Mengetahui jenis makrozoobenthos di setiap stasiun penelitian yang berada pada kawasan pesisir ekosistem pulau sepanjang 3. Mengetahui perbedaan komposisi makrozoobenthos di setiap stasiun penelitian yang berada pada kawasan pesisir ekosistem pulau sepanjang 4. Mengetahui struktur komunitas makrozoobenthos yang terdapat pada kawasan pesisir di perairan Pulau Sepanjang Kabupaten Sumenep.Pengambilan data dilakukan pada ekositem mangrove dan lamun, dengan metode purposive sampling. Berdasrkan hasil pengamatan ditemukan 21 jenis dari 3 filum. Dari hasil perhitungan struktur komunitas Stasiun 1 mendapatkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman yang rendah indeks keseragaman sedang dan indeks dominasi sedang yang menandakan indikasi adanya tekanan yang berat dan ekosistem tidak stabil, penyebaran spesies rendah dan kestabilan komunitas rendah dan terjadinya dominasi suatu spesies yang tinggi.Stasiun 2 dan 3 memiliki nilai keanekaragaman sedang indeks keseragaman tinggi dan indeks dominasi rendah yang menandakan produktivitas lingkungan cukup, kondisi ekosistem cukup seimbang, tekanan ekologis sedang penyebaran tiap spesies sedang dan kestabilan komunitas sedang sehingga tidak terjadinya dominasi dari suatu spesies.