Dark Counts in Nanostructured NbN Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors and Bridges

Kitaygorsky, J.; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Pan, Dong; Minaeva, Olga; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol’tsman, G.; Sobolewski, Roman

doi:10.1109/tasc.2007.898109

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…16 and 17 for quasi-2D superconductors. In this paper, we show that, for narrow superconducting strips, typically of a small width w ϳ 10 , [15][16][17] where is the temperature-dependent correlation length, the current dissipation is mostly caused by ͑discrete͒ phase slips, each accomplished by a single thermally activated vortex crossing the strip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The voltage is linearly related to this rate difference.͔ We note that the linear V − I characteristic has been reported for narrow strips in some literatures. [15][16][17] In this paper, we will focus on the narrow strips of width w ϳ 10 and investigate the thermally activated phase slips responsible for current dissipation. The typical width considered here is actually close to the characteristic dimension for the crossover from 2D strip to 1D wire.…”

Section: Basic Considerations and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, the case of quasi-2D narrow superconducting strips has received relatively less attention. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The investigation on this intermediate dimension is important as well considering its relevance to some superconducting detecting devices, e.g., superconducting single-photon detectors [12][13][14][15][16][17] and superconducting submillimeter detectors. 18 In particular, the mechanism of current dissipation in narrow strips remains an issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 In particular, the mechanism of current dissipation in narrow strips remains an issue. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Interpretations of experimental data for these systems involve two distinct mechanisms. While in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical study of the phase slip in two-dimensional superconducting strips

Qiu

Qian

2008

Phys. Rev. B

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In this paper, we numerically investigate the phase slips in two-dimensional ͑2D͒ superconducting strips using the string method, which has been presented as an efficient tool for the study of thermally activated rare events. In the framework of Ginzburg-Landau ͑GL͒ theory, we calculate the most probable transition pathway for thermally activated phase slips that are responsible for spontaneous current dissipation. Along the most probable pathway, the saddle point of the GL free-energy functional can be located, from which the energy barrier is also determined. We find there exists a critical width w c for narrow strips. Below w c , the strip behaves as a one-dimensional superconducting wire for which the phase slips are described by the LangerAmbegaokar-McCumber-Halperin theory ͓Phys. Rev. 164, 498 ͑1967͒; Phys. Rev. B 1, 1054 ͑1970͔͒. Above w c , however, the 2D character of the strip is recovered, and the phase slips are dominated by vortices crossing the strip. In this 2D regime, our numerical results based on the GL theory are compared to the analytical results of the London theory. While there is good agreement for large strip widths, deviation is noticed for small widths ͑still Ͼw c ͒ because of the closeness of vortex core to the strip edges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Basic Considerations and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical study of the phase slip in two-dimensional superconducting strips

Qiu

Qian

2008

Phys. Rev. B

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“…However, the direct influence of the ambient magnetic field on SNSPD is not verified. In order to eliminate the possible impact of the ambient magnetic field, the device was often well shielded with -metal block, and thus the magnetic field surrounding the device was reduced by two orders of magnitude [14]. Alternatively, we may use a homemade three-axis Helmholtz coil (shown in Figure 3) to cancel the ambient magnetic field of SNSPD system.…”

Section: Ambient Magnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system and demonstration in quantum key distribution

et al. 2013

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We developed a superconducting nanowire single-photon detection (SNSPD) system based on Gifford-McMahon cryocooler for quantum communication applications. Environmental factors which may influence the system performance are intensively studied. Those factors include temperature fluctuations, the ambient magnetic field and the background radiation. By optimizing the bias circuit, the stability of SNSPD system to electrical noise and disturbance was effectively enhanced, thus making it more suitable for field application. A 4-channel SNSPD system with quantum efficiency higher than 4% at the dark count rate of 10 Hz for =1550 nm is integrated and applied into a quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment. QKD was successfully carried out over 100 km optical fiber with the final secure key rate of 1.6 kbps and the quantum bit error rate of less than 2%. Quantum communication is a new-generation technology based on the theory of quantum mechanics, which may provide absolute security for future communication [1]. It is a hot topic in science and technology of quantum control and now in its critical stage from the theoretical research to practical applications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the kernel of the quantum communication. The implementation of QKD relies on several technologies, including single-photon source, encrypting/decrypting, key storage/transmission and singlephoton detection. QKD in fiber over 100 km had been reported [2]. However, further improvement is limited by the available single-photon detection technique. Traditional semiconducting single-photon detectors (SPD) (such as APD: avalanche photodiode, PMT: photomultiplier tube) cannot fulfill the requirement of long haul quantum communication due to the high dark count rate (R DC ).Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector/detection (SNSPD) is a novel single-photon detection technology, which uses a nanowire folded into a meander structure fabricated on superconducting ultrathin films. When a photon hits the nanowire, it may produce a transient voltage pulse, which forms the basis of the detection mechanism of SNSPD. This concept was first proposed by Kadin et al. in 1996 [3] and demonstrated by Gol'tsman et al. in 2001 using SNSPD made of an ultra-thin NbN film [4]. SNSPD

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Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology and Novel Applications of Nano Materials and Nano Devices

Madkour

2019

Advanced Structured Materials

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Dark Counts in Nanostructured NbN Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors and Bridges

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

Numerical study of the phase slip in two-dimensional superconducting strips

Numerical study of the phase slip in two-dimensional superconducting strips

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system and demonstration in quantum key distribution

Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology and Novel Applications of Nano Materials and Nano Devices

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