Das Härtungsschaubild der Eisen‐Kohlenstoff‐Legierungen

Esser, Hans; Eilender, Walter; Spenlé, Erwin

doi:10.1002/srin.193300432

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Esser et al 22,51) have demonstrated the presence of two transformations in Fe-C steels at cooling rates of 200-15,000 C per second. Typical cooling rates obtained in icebrine quenching are about 300 C per second.…”

Section: Explanation Of the 06 Mass% C Discontinuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is additional support for the notion of the two proposed transformations. The work of Esser et al, published in 1933, 22) describes the changes in magnetic properties during rapid quenching of Fe-C steels. The authors showed, for a 0.906 mass% C steel quenched at 200 C s À1 , a ferromagnetic transformation from 590 to 400 C, followed by a discontinuity in the ferromagnetic response and then another ferromagnetic transformation from 260 to 110 C. These observations are the basis for a quantitative model that explains the contribution of each of the martensitic products to the changes in properties.…”

Section: Proposed Mechanism Of Transformation In Carbon Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Structure of Martensite in Iron-Carbon Steels

et al. 2008

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A model is developed to describe the formation and crystal structure of martensite in quenched Fe-C steels based on the extensive published literature on the subject. Unique changes in the properties and structure of martensite are shown to occur at 0.6 mass% C, designated as the H-point. The concept of primary and secondary martensite is introduced in order to indicate that two different, sequential, martensites will form during quenching of Fe-C steels above 0.6 mass% C. Below 0.6 mass% C, only primary martensite is created through the two sequential steps FCC ! HCP followed by HCP ! BCC. Primary martensite has a lath structure and is described as BCC iron containing a C-rich phase that precipitates during quenching. The HCP transition phase is critical in interpreting the two martensite structures based on the premise that the maximum solubility of C in the HCP phase is 0.6 mass%. Primary martensite continues to form at compositions greater than 0.6 mass% C with the creation of a carbon-rich BCT phase. This is followed by the start of secondary martensite which forms at the M S (martensite start temperature) and creates the traditional BCT plates adjoining retained austenite. Both martensites are predicted to co-exist at the highest C contents. A quantitative model, based on the specific volume of the various phases obtained after quenching, has been used to calculate the composition of the precipitated C-rich phase for a 0.88 mass% C steel. It is predicted that the carbon-rich phase is either diamond or (Fe 2 C) carbide.

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Section: Explanation Of the 06 Mass% C Discontinuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Mechanism Of Transformation In Carbon Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%