Das Tarsalgelenk des Schweines

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Im I. Teil erfahren die an der Ausbildung des Tarsalgelenkes beteiligten Knochen eine eingehende Beschreibung, wobei besonderer Wert auf die Darstellung der Artikulationsflächen gelegt wird. Im II. Teil werden die Gelenkkapselverhältnisse aufgezeichnet, wobei auf bestehende Kommunikation zwischen einzelnen Gelenken des Tarsalgelenkes hingewiesen wird. Außerdem werden die Injektionsmöglichkeiten für den Art. talocruralis und den Art. intertarsicus proximalis festgelegt. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse werden anhand von 11 Abbildungen wiedergegeben. Summary The tarsus of the pig Part I: Osteological findings Part II: Joint capsule relationship and possibilities for injection In the first part the author describes in detail the bones which form the hock, with special reference to their articular surfaces. In the second part the anatomical relationships of the joint capsule are described, with descriptions of the communications that exist between the individual joints of the tarsus. In addition, the author outlines the methods of injecting the tibio‐tarsal joint and the proximal intertarsal joint. The results are illustrated by 11 figures. Résumé L'articulation du jarret chez le porc 1e partie: Études ostéologiques 2e partie: Les rapports anatomiques de la capsule articulaire et possibilités d'injection Dans la première partie, l'auteur donne une description détaillée des os qui forment l'articulation du jarret en insistant spécialement sur la représentation des surfaces articulaires. Dans la deuxième partie, les rapports anatomiques de la capsule articulaire sont décrits en signalant les communications existant entre différentes articulations du tarse. L'auteur établit en outre les possibilités d'injection pour l'articulation tibio‐tarsienne et l'articulation intertarsienne proximale. Les résultats de cette étude sont illustrés par 11 figures. Resumen La articulación tarsiana del cerdo Ia parte: Halazgos osteológicos IIa parte: Condiciones de la cápsula articular y posibilidades de inyección En la parte Ia se describen con detalle los huesos que participan en la estructura de la articulación tarsiana, concediéndose valor especial a la re‐presentación de las superficies de articulación. En la parte IIa se apuntan las condiciones de la cápsula articular, señalándose la comunicaciön existente entre las diversas articulaciones del tarso. Además se fijan las posibilidades de inyección para la art. talocrural y la art. intertarsiana proximal. Los resultados de investigación se reproducen con ayuda de 11 grabados.

Molecular Dynamics-Based Modeling of Ion-Neutral Collisions in an Open Ion Trajectory Simulation Framework

“…As the framework is in constant development, further improvements and extensions are planned for the inclusion of N 2 as a background gas with treatment of its additional permanent quadrupole moment component in the force field. Additionally, a module simulating reaction dynamics through chemical kinetics (RS module, as already implemented in IDSimF) will be combined with the molecular dynamics collision model, which allows the simulation of ion mobilities in gas mixtures in DT-IMS or DMS devices. , Moreover, future improvements aim to include internal and rotational degrees of freedom (molecular vibrations, internal rotations, and rotation of the whole molecular ion) in the force field to describe the actual collisional interactions in much more detail. In that regard, it is planned to quantify the differences between ion mobility values obtained with and without such finely resolved interactions.…”

“…The basic structure of the software is inspired by the fluid dynamics framework OpenFOAM. , Several different specialized applications, ranging from quadrupolar collision cells to DMS models, are included. They can be combined with chemical reaction kinetics (RS module), collisional interactions by usage of the HS or SDS model, and space charge modeling with different methods (Barnes Hut and Fast Multipole methods). When using the HS collision model, the collision cross-section is calculated based on the particle diameters and is then used to estimate a collision probability in each time step of the simulation .…”

IDSimF: An Open-Source Framework for the Simulation of Molecular Ion Dynamics in Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Spectrometry

“…The reaction simulation module provides the necessary structures for particle based modeling of chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics. , Reactions are modeled using a Monte Carlo approach: The reaction probability of an individual particle with an isotropic background substance is calculated in every time step of the simulation. Based on this probability, it is decided if a reaction takes place.…”

“…Most importantly, a trajectory data file in HDF5 format is produced, in which the trajectories of the simulated particles are saved. Supplementary output files are subject to the modules selected: the MD collision model may generate output to reproduce individual collisions of ions, and the chemical reaction kinetics (RS) module calculates concentrations of the reactive species in each time step.…”